Teaching Philosophy Statement :: Education Educational Educating Essays

Showing Philosophy Statement Instructors are critical to the children’s future, what they encourage understudies today will definitely influence our tomorrow. I emphatically need to be part in those children’s lives and dynamic. I need to be an educator since I feel guarantee that youngsters get appropriate training. Encouraging them day by day will permit me the fulfillment in realizing that I for one have changed some child’s life. The earth of the study hall is significant for the training of youngsters. On the off chance that the environment of the study hall is plain, it will in general express that instruction is exhausting and doesn’t produce any fervor. Be that as it may, if the study hall has a few notice sheets and tempting instructive pictures the youngsters become intrigued and captivated about inclining. I feel that the environment is significant and I would like to have a study hall that is exceptional, with bunches of intriguing things on the dividers of leaving places and noteworthy individuals. I need youngsters to hear what I’m discussing as well as to see and envision the things I instruct, this will assist them with gaining a superior information and comprehension of the subject. The guest plan in the study hall is likewise significant. It is significant that youngsters communicate with me as well as with their companions. I need to put the student’s situates in little bunch of four; this will empower them to cooperate in little gatherings. This will likewise help the student’s to comprehend and fathom the task better since they have accomplices there to support them and offer their thoughts. Since the understudies will be masterminded into bunches I will have the option to stroll around and give each of the group’s singular consideration as opposed to watching the class all in all. This gathering game plan will profit the youngsters when we do ventures, for instance with perusing they can alternate and offer their own perspectives on the story with each other. At the point when we gather back all together the student’s will feel positive about their comprehension and not be threatened when they are approached to introduce their ga thering sees. This encourages the kids to feel sure about themselves and will help with their confidence too. In my showing style, I will be a blend among customary and encouraging. I will consistently be in finished command over my study hall, however I would prefer not to simply address from the reading material throughout the day. Showing Philosophy Statement :: Education Educational Educating Essays Showing Philosophy Statement Educators are critical to the children’s future, what they instruct understudies today will definitely influence our tomorrow. I unequivocally need to be part in those children’s lives and dynamic. I need to be an educator since I feel guarantee that youngsters acquire appropriate instruction. Instructing them every day will permit me the fulfillment in realizing that I for one have changed some child’s life. Nature of the homeroom is significant for the training of youngsters. In the event that the climate of the homeroom is plain, it will in general express that instruction is exhausting and doesn’t produce any fervor. Be that as it may, if the study hall has a few announcement sheets and alluring instructive pictures the youngsters become intrigued and excited about inclining. I feel that the air is significant and I would like to have a homeroom that is exceptional, with bunches of intriguing things on the dividers of leaving places and amazing individuals. I need youngsters to hear what I’m discussing as well as to see and envision the things I educate, this will assist them with gaining a superior information and comprehension of the subject. The guest plan in the study hall is additionally significant. It is significant that youngsters connect with me as well as with their friends. I need to put the student’s situates in little bunch of four; this will empower them to cooperate in little gatherings. This will likewise help the student’s to comprehend and grasp the task better since they have accomplices there to support them and offer their thoughts. Since the understudies will be organized into bunches I will have the option to stroll around and give each of the group’s singular consideration as opposed to watching the class overall. This gathering plan will profit the youngsters when we do ventures, for instance with perusing they can alternate and offer their own perspectives on the story with each other. At the point when we gather back all together the student’s will feel positive about their comprehension and not be threatened when they are approached to introduce their gathering sees. T his causes the youngsters to feel sure about themselves and will help with their confidence too. In my showing style, I will be a blend among customary and encouraging. I will consistently be in finished command over my homeroom, yet I would prefer not to simply address from the reading material throughout the day.

Resistance of bacterial to antimicrobial agents The WritePass Journal

Obstruction of bacterial to antimicrobial operators Presentation Obstruction of bacterial to antimicrobial operators IntroductionBeta-lactamase Mutation at the objective sitesEnzymatic alteration Efflux of anti-infection agents from the cell by pumpAcquired Resistance by interchange metabolic pathwaysTreatment of superbugsConclusion ReferenceRelated Presentation Bacterial protection from anti-infection agents is a worldwide issue in the treatment of bacterial disease. Bacterial opposition is a component by which bacterial can beat anti-toxin intended to decimate or slaughter them, these bacterial increase to cause ailment in people figure 1 (Patrick, 2003) Figure1 the non antimicrobial opposition and non antimicrobial obstruction Despite the fact that the most safe bacterium can be hindered or crushed by utilizing a high convergence of anti-microbial, subjects then again will be unable to hold up under the high grouping of antibacterial operators that might be required treat some bacterial contamination or disease.â Bacterial species contrast in their weakness to an anti-microbial or antibiotics.â For example a few strains of Streptococcus pneumonia in Britain are repressed by 0.01mg/l of benzyl penicillin in this way the base inhibitory focus, and that of Escherichia coli, a portion 32-64mg/l is expected to restrain the development or murder the bacterial however this turns out to be exceptionally harmful to the human body can't oversee. This opens the perspective on clinical obstruction, which depends on the on impact anti-infection agents on people and abuse of anti-toxins. Clinical obstruction is hence a procedure by which the sort of tainting pathogenic bacterium, its place of connection in the body, the conveyance of antimicrobial in the body, its focus at site of contamination and the resistant status of the subject interact(Gerard,2011). Bacterium utilizes chemicals, efflux siphon, quality, helix ring just as plasmid to shield itself or to create impervious to anti-toxins. (figure2) Figure 2 structure of a safe bacterium Beta-lactamase Beta-lactams are of duplicates penicillin, an enormous gathering of anti-microbials that are comprised of all the anti-infection specialists with a four ring in their sub-atomic structure. The bacterial cell divider fills in as a defensive apparatus for the bacterial against any outside substances, for example, antibacterial operators, from entering inside the bacterial to crush its inward defensive structures. The beta-lactam anti-microbial works by obstructing the cell divider blend of the bacterial. Douglas (2002), however bacterial create protection from beta lactam by assaulting the four ring structure appeared in blue in figure of the beta-lactam through an enzymatic responses (figure1). Bacterial produce beta lactamase chemical to breaks the beta-lactam ring of the anti-infection and makes the anti-toxin incapable to obstruct the bacterial cell divider union and subsequently a protection from the anti-toxin (Miller et al., 2004). Figure3 structure of beta-lactam (www.users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/Biology/pages/An/Antibiotics)  Mutation at the objective locales A few anti-infection agents, for example, Streptomycin restrains bacterial protein combination by official to the 16SrRNA and squares theâ capacity of the ribosome butâ bacterial changes the 16SrRNA quality and breaking point the fascination of streptomycin to the 16S particle bacterial transform and get another DNA. In imipenem safe, Pseudomonosa aerugeninosa, come up short on the particular D2 porin and imipenem can't get through the cell. Changing the primary site of activity may change the medication focus in that anti-toxin may enter the cell however may miss the objective and will most likely be unable to tie, the anti-microbial may not be processed. This makes the anti-infection dormant in the microscopic organisms and as result the bacterial create resilience (Springer et al., 2001). Enzymatic adjustment Ciprofloxacin act along with a compound gyrase to hinder its enzymatic action.â An adjustment in each the quality that is gyraseA or gyraseB would change the atomic course of action of the gyrase and as such breaking point the coupling liking of the chemical for ciprofloxacin. It accordingly keeps the anti-microbial from obstructing the gyrase and this procedure empowers the microscopic organisms cell progressively impervious to the anti-toxin (ciprofloxacin) (Gerard, 2005) Efflux of anti-infection agents from the cell by siphon Other bacterial, for example, the Escherichia coli make a different anti-microbial obstruction (MAR) surge siphon gives the bacterial with protection from anti-toxins, for example, antibiotic medication, erythromycin or nalidic acid.â The siphon drives out the anti-microbial from the cytoplasm of the bacterial cell and permits the bacterial to keep up the intracellular levels beneath the poisonous or deadly concentrationâ â The MAR siphon is made of proteins MarA and MarB, whose creation is hindered by the controlling protein Mar. Poole (2000) These progressions dispose of the concealment control of Mar and prompts a lot of creation of the Mar An and B efflux siphon. The bacterial cell divider can dispose of higher centralizations of antimicrobial specialists and as such become impervious to the anti-toxin (Cohen et al., 1988). Procured Resistance by substitute metabolic pathways Opposition in microorganisms might be obtained when a bacterium is been presented to anti-microbial for an extensive stretch of time for instance vancomycin obstruction in Escherichia coli. This might be by transformation or by increasing another DNA. Plasmids are replicating pieces bit of DNA, slighter than the microscopic organisms genome which program their exchange by duplicating into another bacterial strain. These microorganisms may then convey and move obstruction quality which as a major aspect of the DNA.Viruses that contaminates bacterial bacteriophages can pass on opposition, particularly in staphylococcus, DNA is discharged when bacterial dead bacterial is taken up by a feasible bacterial and this is conceivably course for the spread of penicillin opposition in Streptococcus pneumonia. Bacterial has scope of biochemical hereditary frameworks for justifying the movement and dispersion of anti-toxin opposition. Qualities can show up by quick change (Penrose, 1998). ‘Superbugs’ are utilized to depict a bacterium or microorganism that can safe mutiple or all the more regularly utilized anti-microbials. Microbes protection from anti-microbials are assembled by the sort of antimicrobial operator that they stand up to. The most widely recognized gatherings are: MRSA (Staphylococcus aureus strains impervious to mithescilin ) VRE (Entrococcus species impervious to vancomycin);â these kind of microscopic organisms live in the bowelâ and ordinarily cause contamination, for example, pneumonia, heart or twisted in subjects with frail safe framework or subjects with interminable illness, for example, diabetes. PRSP (Streptococcus pneumoniae strains impervious to penicillin); ESBLs (Escherichia coli and other Gram-negative microscopic organisms impervious to cephalosporin and Monobactams) (Gerard, 2011) Treatment of superbugs MRSA is a sort of Staphylococcus aureus has builds up an impervious to antibacterial action of methicillin and different penicillins Staphylococcus aureus may cause contamination in the blood or on the skin sickness such. Vancomycin is a glycopeptide that is compelling for the treatment of MRSA. It is hard and huge atom that obstructs the last advance of bacterial cell divider union through hydrogen bonds with D-alanyl-D-alamine end of the peptodoglycan (PDG) side chains(Reynolds,1989)). Subjects contaminated withâ MRSA are dealt with withâ vancomycin however exceptionally excruciating through the intramuscular course and a quick organization into the veins may cause a hypersensitive response called the red-man disorder, subsequently aâ moderate infusionâ of 50mk/kg is given multiple times every day for 7 days.â Daptomycin is an expansive range anti-toxin that has been affirmed by the American food and medication Administration for the treatment of MRSA, VRE and PSBP. It ti es irreversibly to the microbes cell film and depolarise it and more Potassium particles move out of the cell to make an inbalance of the particle focus gradient.â Currently, Daptomycin shows no cross-obstruction. A portion of 4-6mg/kg is controlled once every day for 7 days. It isn't used in the liver. Daptomycin communicates with the HMG-6A reductase inhibitors, for example, statin. Sickness, stoppage and cerebral pain are the fundamental reactions related with the utilization of Daptomycin. Quinupristin was all around utilized in the year 2000 for the treatment of emergency clinic gained contamination. Quinupristin primary capacity was to meddle with both the early and the last period of bacterial protein union however the serious issue was that it needs to required moderate mixture for a huge volume liquid similarly as vancomycinâ and as such must be utilized for inpatientsâ subjects(Despoina and Jordi,2006)). Artist, an oral Streptogramin has been was created and out 53 s ubjects 39 were effectively relieved of MRSA contamination. Another glycopeptide, MDL63246 with a comparative system of activity and pharmacokinetics as vancomycin is under beginning periods of advancement and would be more powerful at lower doses than vancomycin and less symptoms. (Franz-Joseph and Mark, 1997) Another methodology for VRE treatment is the shutting of oxazoliddines from streaming out of the bacterial cell and expansive range siphons of Gram negative bacterial is being read for future treatment of VRE. (Livermore, 2003).Linezolid has a place with the oxazolinones class of anti-infection agents and it ties to the 50S ribosomal section and squares bacterial protein union. can be managed intravenously or orally .Through the oral organization, a subject is given 600mg multiple times day by day for 10-14 days and 600mg 30-120 minutes twiceâ day by day for multi week for intravenous course. Moxifloxacin is a medication of decision for the treatment of PRSP It work by restraining DNA combination by upgrading cleavage of DNA of the bacterial DNA catalyst complex of the DNA gyrase and type IV topoisomerase figure. The portion system depends on the kind of disease, for the treatment of intense bacterial sinusitis a 400mg of Moxifloxacin is given day by day for 10 days a

Chesapeake Energy Corporation

Chesapeake Energy Corporation (NYSE: CHK), headquartered in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, â€Å"owns 1.1 trillion cubic feet identical (tcfe) of demonstrated oil and gas holds, perhaps the biggest stock of inland U.S. common gas† {Chesapeake Annual Report, 1998, p. 1}. As of late, Chesapeake completed the change from a forceful investigation organization concentrated on growing short-save life, to a lower-chance, longer save life flammable gas maker. Chesapeake†s tasks are centered around â€Å"developmental penetrating and creating property acquisitions.† These activities are â€Å"concentrated in three significant zones: the Mid-mainland, the coastal Gulf of Mexico and far northeastern British Columbia, Canada† [Chesapeake Annual Report, 1998, p. 1]. Aubrey K. McClendon is Chesapeake†s Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and Director. Tom L. Ward is the President, Chief Operating Officer and Director. â€Å"McClendon met prime supporter Tom Ward in the 1980†³s. Both were free oil makers; they collaborated in 1983† [Morgenson, p. 2]. They each have over 16 years of involvement with the oil and gaseous petrol industry. Every single other individual from the supervisory crew have various long periods of involvement with the business. Chesapeake has focused on growing its property in flammable gas since the company†s consolidation in 1989. Chesapeake imagines that petroleum gas will be the fuel decision of the 21st century. The organization has been profoundly serious in the two its investigation exercises and endeavors to build its stock of lacking leasehold land. This blend should empower Chesapeake to stay a serious power in the vitality creating industry. New innovation in the oil and gas industry has made investigation and creation increasingly beneficial. This is key for the endurance of American organizations that contend with OPEC and other remote cartels that have exceptionally low creation costs. New innovation, including three-dimensional imaging, which has more noteworthy goals than the already existing innovation, will empower Chesapeake to distinguish holds all the more precisely. Additionally, flat boring has empowered organizations to deplete more than each save in turn. With benefits proceeding to be pressed inside this industry, new innovation is important to enable American organizations to contend on a worldwide scale. The oil and gas industry is really a worldwide market. The business supported gains in 1999 from expanded creation productivity and a decline in the present flexibly. U.S. firms, alongside OPEC, have intentionally scaled down their absolute creation, which has expanded the cost. OPEC right now supplies around 40% of the world oil creation. In the event that OPEC decides to create at a lower yield, Chesapeake could undoubtedly expand creation with its low creation costs and immense stores. Numerous different countries are rising as contenders, for example, the previous Soviet Union and Latin American nations. The proceeding with increment in flexibly from different countries would possibly soak the market, causing lower costs and lower benefits. Request is required to rise just somewhat in excess of two percent during that time 2005. The standpoint for this industry is for expanded rivalry locally (from littler organizations) and universally from developing countries. The U.S. has prevalent innovation, which will help keep benefits up as gracefully increments and request remains generally consistent. Flammable gas makes up 72% of Chesapeake†s income. They ordinarily offer the item to outsiders and are not subject to any one purchaser. Under 10% of their incomes are created from two purchasers. Administrative Regulations †Operational and Labor Relations The oil and gas businesses are dependent upon significant government guideline. These laws and guidelines are principally coordinated toward â€Å"the dealing with and removal of penetrating and creation squander items and waste made by water and air contamination control devices† [Chesapeake 10-K, 1998, p. 10]. The oil and gas industry is responsible to various government offices, including the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of the Interior, the Department of Energy, the State Department and the Department of Commerce. For all intents and purposes each part of tasks is dependent upon complex and consistently evolving guidelines. The oil and gas industry is firmly controlled concerning work relations by government office and organizations, including the Occupational Safety and Health Association (OSHA) and the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB). A few states have their own state supported word related wellbeing plans, while the rest of consent to government OSHA guidelines. A portion of the subjects secured under OSHA incorporate individual defensive gear, unsafe correspondence (HAZCOM) and wellbeing process preparing. Chesapeake had 453 representatives as of March 15, 1999. None of these workers were spoken to by sorted out worker's guilds. The organization believes its representative relations to be acceptable [Chesapeake 10-K, 1998, p. 13]. Unocal (NYSE: UCL) utilized 7,880 individuals as of December 31, 1998, of which 575 were spoken to by different U.S. trade guilds [Unocal 10-K, 1998, p. 12]. The two organizations are dependent upon new laws and guidelines with respect to the earth and work. Chesapeake and Unocal can't foresee what unfavorable monetary conditions the new laws and guidelines will bring. Be that as it may, present moment and long haul costs will increment as organizations improve existing tasks to become and stay consistent with government guidelines. Accordingly, all organizations in petro-synthetic ventures are encountering colossal trouble working gainful organizations. A few organizations have stopped tasks because of expanded guideline combined with poor net revenues. Chesapeake is at a higher hazard with respect to this situation since the greater part of its tasks are local. Unocal, albeit a U.S. based organization, tasks are focused fundamentally abroad, and in this manner experience expanded tolerance with respect to ecological and work guidelines. During the most recent two years, Chesapeake Corporation endured a noteworthy shot as far as profit, stock cost and FICO scores. Positive 1996 income went to a misfortune in 1997 and tumbled to a greater loss of $10 per share in 1998. This profit decrease caused the stock cost and FICO score to fall. The organization likewise faces a legal claim originating from supposed infringement of government protections laws. Top administration and executives are blamed for utilizing insider data to sell individual possessions in the organization at falsely swelled costs. Chesapeake had exceptionally disillusioning a very long time in 1997 and 1998 as confirm by the fall in the stock cost. The organization experienced a considerable repositioning to build petroleum gas possessions and lessen hazard. Because of this repositioning, Chesapeake brought about extensive obligation and is reliant available costs of oil and gaseous petrol to increment, and basically, improve net revenues. Moreover, in 1997, Chesapeake changed their monetary year end from June 30th to December 31st. As a major aspect of the repositioning, Chesapeake expanded long haul obligation over $400 million to an aggregate of $920 million, combined with a momentary obligation of $25 million. This expanded acquiring radically diminished the company†s capacity to get extra financing. Standard and Poor†s and Moody†s set Chesapeake on audit with a negative standpoint. The capacity to meet commitments for this extra obligation will rely upon the creation and money related execution of the organization, showcase costs of oil and gaseous petrol, and general financial conditions. Basic Size Income Statement Analysis Chesapeake had an incredibly enormous record of advantages (disability) because of marked down oil and gas costs during the previous barely any years. This charge expanded working expenses by over $1.2 billion during 1997-98 with 72% of that cost coming in 1998. The advantage record, joined with cost increments underway, promoting and intrigue, were the principle donors of complete working expenses to be more than multiple times all out income. The outcome was 1998 EBIT of ($920) million, and a non-existent ROE, since the organization had a total deficit drawing nearer $1 billion. Unocal†s ROE was 5.9% in 1998 and 25.1% in 1997. The disability cost detailed by Chesapeake is sketchy in view of the enormous sum that was charged. In context, Unocal with over $5 billion in property resources recorded a hindrance charge of $97 million during 1998. On the off chance that oil and gas costs ascend sooner rather than later, the hindrance expenses might be turned around giving the feeling that the organization is doing well overall. Future financial specialists of Chesapeake values ought to consider this reality preceding creation any speculation choices. Chesapeake had a $140 million decrease to the two sides of the asset report. The repositioning of the firm centered around expanding stock of gaseous petrol holds, â€Å"the fuel of decision for the 21st century† [1998 Annual Report, pg. 18]. Oil and gas properties about multiplied from 1997 to 1998, totaling $2.2 billion. In any case, almost $1.6 billion was devalued, exhausted and amortized. Also, money diminished almost $100 million, momentary ventures were sold, and paid-in capital surpassed $1.1 billion in the course of recent years to give extra money to acquisition of gas holds. Accordingly, all out property, plant and gear was 85% of all out resources in 1998 contrasted with 77% in 1997. In examination, Unocal†s PP&E was 66% and 64% of all out resources separately. Long haul obligation expanded over $400 million of every 1998, totaling $920 million contrasted with $510 million out of 1997. The $920 million was 113% according to add up to liabilities and proprietors value of $813 million. In 1998, current liabilities were $131 million contrasted with current resources of $118 million. This brought about a decreased current proportion of .90 from a 1997

Modernism in Films of 1960s free essay sample

Analyzes innovator reasoning gadgets their application in Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, Dr. Strangelove Midnight Cowboy. Innovation is a term applied retroactively to certain scholarly and creative patterns toward the start of the twentieth century. Certain pioneer attributes can be recognized in post-1960 culture. Contemporary culture appears to be less to have gone on to new concerns and issues than it appears to have systematized certain pioneer attributes as though they had importance in their own right. It could be said, however, they are utilized to abstain from significance inside and out or to give the hallucination of importance where there is none. The incoherent time sense, the departure from the shows of authenticity, and the appropriation of complex new structures and styles in the pioneer time frame were embraced to give new importance, to enlighten the world in an alternate way, and to show various connections inside the watched world. Parts of the pattern can be recognized in three. We will compose a custom article test on Innovation in Films of 1960s or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page .

An Analysis Of The Mental Health Status Of A Specific Client - 1650 Words

An Analysis Of The Mental Health Status Of A Specific Client (Case Study Sample) Content: Analysis Name Institution Date Analysis The mental state examination (MSE) is a key part of the clinical analysis process in the practice of psychiatry. It is an organized way of watching and describing a patient's mental functioning at a given moment in time, under the sections of attitude, appearance, speech, mood, behavior, perception, though content, though process, insight, cognition, affect, and judgment. The objective of the MSE is to get a complete cross-sectional account of the patient's mental state, which, when integrated with the historical and biographical data of the psychiatric background, permits the clinician to come up with an accurate prognosis and formulation, which are needed for reasonable treatment planning (Finney, Minagar, and Heilman, 2016). General Observation and Appearance These components present the examiner with an overall picture of the patient. The patient’s bodily appearance (stated age vs. apparent), posture (erect), eye contact (furtive/direct), dress (riotous/subdued), and posture (upright) are all relevant observations. In the case study, the client has limited eye contact, and his posture on the chair is not upright. Furthermore, weight loss could as well signify physical illness, depressive disorder, and anxiety. In the case study, the client has lost five kilos in weight in the previous month because of low appetite and missed meals. Mood and Affect Affect is the patient's instant indication of emotion. The mood is the more prolonged emotional composition of the patient's character. Patients show a span affect that may be explained as wide, confined, easily altered, or flat. Both of mood and affect can be described as euphoric (suggesting a pathologically raised sense of well-being), euthymic (sane), or dysphoric (guilt, anxiety, depression). In the case study, the client has been feeling low in mood and extreme anxiety in the past six weeks. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition The question the American Psychiatric Association have been contemplating while organizing the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) is, what is a mental disorder? Well, its factors include: * A psychological or behavioral pattern or syndrome that is occurring in an individual. * Mirrors a concealed psychobiological abnormality. * The outcomes of which are clinically importance anguish of disability. * Should not be purely an anticipated response to common losses and stressors or a culturally approved reaction to a particular incident. If one considers the first two factors, then a mental disorder would be a psychological or behavioral pattern or syndrome that occurs in a person reflecting psychobiological abnormality or dysfunction. In 2015, Thyer Bruce wrote an article titled ‘The DSM-5 Definition of Mental Disorder: Critique and Alternatives’ in which he says that for a state to be considered a mental disorder, its cause ought to be mentally related, not only represent a state that harmfully results to mental functioning and indeed distress can be caused by a number of factors. In our case study, the client is having rough nights at work whereby he may even go without sleep. The health of his wife worries him and he spends little time with his newborn daughter. All these factors cause distress in the client. Stress Vulnerability Model The two crucial questions facing both mental health experts and families in which one member has a mental disorder are: What is causing the disorder? And what effects the best result? Scientists at this moment have no precise comprehension of why some people develop a mental disorder and others do not. Nevertheless, scientists devised a general theory to describe the causes of these disorders and their progression over time known as the stress-vulnerability model. There are two main factors- stress and biological vulnerability-several other factors influence them. Individuals have some control over these other factors and they include medication usage, coping skills, alcohol and drug usage, and significant activities. Biological Vulnerability If one is vulnerable to something, it means that one is more likely to be affected by it. For instance, some individuals might be biologically vulnerable to some physical diseases such as asthma of heart disease. Maybe the disease is running in the family, or maybe something in one's life is setting them up. Some individuals are vulnerable to some mental disorders: major depression, anxiety disorders, or bipolar disorder. A combination of factors such as stress, genetics, birth complications, and early experiences of abuse or the loss of a parent in childhood. This is the reason why some families are likely to have some members with a certain mental disorder (Nixon, Liddle, Nixon, Worwood, 2014). In the case study, the client found their wedding day emotionally painful since her parent could not afford to travel to their son’s wedding. Another reason is that the client finds his in-laws spend much time with her daughter more than him and he feels he has let his family down. Stress Stress in the surrounding can aggravate biological vulnerability, aggravate symptoms, and result in relapses. Anything that is challenging a person is stress, and it requires some type of conformity. Grave stressful incidences may include losing a loved one, fighting with close members, being fired from a job, and being a victim of the offense. Stress is usually connected with negative incidences. Furthermore, Peterlik and Uschold (2016) claim that severe stress-related mental conditions such as depression, alcohol abuse, and anxiety, are a major health concern for the public. The article is aiming to educate on psychosocial stressors but the causes of the pathologies are still complex with no sufficient proof. Stress is an everyday part of life and because of that effective coping can enable an individual to be engaged in fascinating and rewarding activities that may be involving stress. Social support is another way of reducing the negative results of stress on vulnerability, which effects from having a close and significant relationship with other individuals. Recovery Orientated Mental Health Practice The idea of recovery appeared in service user campaigns in the 1970s and progressively attained the attention of policy makers and mental health researchers. Many nations such as United States, UK, Australia, and Denmark have created an incorporation of recovery-oriented practice the main part of their mental health strategy. Recovery-oriented practice exhibit a model shift from a single-dimensional medical policy to treating individuals with mental illness. Rather than focusing only on symptom relief and quick stabilization as a clinical result, recovery-oriented practice is based on principles and values of individual involvement and individual orientation. In line with this ideology, the general objective of recovery-oriented practice is to help the person in achieving a satisfactory and meaningful life by fostering hope, achieving individual goals, supportive relationships, and social involvement (Slade, 2013; Slade et al. 2014). Positive Aspects of Mental Health Recovery Respect Respect is a fundamental human right and not one possess this right. The significance of this right is enhanced when the uniqueness of a person is regarded. It is the duty of health care professionals to accept their clients as they are and treat them with respect, not just because they are people, but because they are in a vulnerable state (Bhanji, 2013). In the case study, Chung is going through a tough period in his life due to many reasons. As a community nurse who is inquiring about his health, it is important to treat my clients with respect regardless of their situation because, at the end of the day, the clients are in a vulnerable state and need help to recover. My effort and small involvements combined with the element of respect can do marvels for the client who seek mental health care and can render a crucial section in their mental health improvement. Empowerment Many organ...

The Effect of Climate Change - 275 Words

The Effect of Climate Change (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Instructor:Course:Date:Issue 6: Climate ChangeIn 2009, a group of top scientists from the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Russia, Mexico, Brazil, Italy, Germany, China and South Africa made a joint statement stipulating that climate change is taking place at a much faster speed than it was previously anticipated (Strathclyde University, 2015). Even though the planet is set to undergo serious public health and environmental effects due to climate change, the United States is still adamant to fully mobilize and take charge of climate change. In most instances, climate change has been regarded as an environmental problem. Over time, it has become more political and has tuned into an economical and legal problem. It is no longer considered to be a problem for environmentalists as its consequences will affect the entire population. Such concerns over climate change have resulted in policy makers from numerous countries considering ways through which they can mi nimize the emission of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide, into the atmosphere (Javeline 668). This is primarily because the release of these greenhouses gases destroys the earths ozone layer, which raises global temperatures and exposes a large number of the worlds population to harmful substances that greatly impact on human health. Given the health risks that climate change poses to human health, it is the high time that interest groups and policymakers reframed their view on climate change and pushed for more effective mitigation measures and policies that would fully address this issue. By basing these policies on public health, such policies would greatly contribute to the formulation of more inclusive strategies aimed at combating climate change. Following this discussion, two questions come to mind regarding climate change. How does climate change undermine states and governments? Do individual steps taken by countries to matter or should the world work together t o combat climate change? The Effect of Climate Change - 275 Words The Effect of Climate Change (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Instructor:Course:Date:Issue 6: Climate ChangeIn 2009, a group of top scientists from the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Russia, Mexico, Brazil, Italy, Germany, China and South Africa made a joint statement stipulating that climate change is taking place at a much faster speed than it was previously anticipated (Strathclyde University, 2015). Even though the planet is set to undergo serious public health and environmental effects due to climate change, the United States is still adamant to fully mobilize and take charge of climate change. In most instances, climate change has been regarded as an environmental problem. Over time, it has become more political and has tuned into an economical and legal problem. It is no longer considered to be a problem for environmentalists as its consequences will affect the entire population. Such concerns over climate change have resulted in policy makers from numerous countries considering ways through which they can mi nimize the emission of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide, into the atmosphere (Javeline 668). This is primarily because the release of these greenhouses gases destroys the earths ozone layer, which raises global temperatures and exposes a large number of the worlds population to harmful substances that greatly impact on human health. Given the health risks that climate change poses to human health, it is the high time that interest groups and policymakers reframed their view on climate change and pushed for more effective mitigation measures and policies that would fully address this issue. By basing these policies on public health, such policies would greatly contribute to the formulation of more inclusive strategies aimed at combating climate change. Following this discussion, two questions come to mind regarding climate change. How does climate change undermine states and governments? Do individual steps taken by countries to matter or should the world work together t o combat climate change?

Exercise And Behavior Adoption For Many Reasons - 959 Words

This course has provided a new perspective on exercise and behavior adoption for many reasons. The first and prominent realization I had was during the behavior change project. This assignment allowed me to take a step back, and assess where I stand physically and mentally. I noticed that I lacked discipline in my diet and exercise routines. That being said, I did exercise periodically prior to this moment, but I knew that I was capable of accomplishing more and using my time more wisely. The fact that this assignment allowed me to directly apply what we learned in class in my life is appealing to me. There have been many theories and terms that we have covered, but items such as the self-determination theory, social support, and the stimulus-response theory stood out, probably due to incorporating them in my behavior change. The self-determination theory has been made prevalent in my life as I have seen it hold true in my personal goals, and I have used it to help motivate others to accomplish plans of interest. It is hard for me to have a great influence on my family, due to being six hours away for college, but recently my mother and I have been discussing exercise possibilities over the phone. She knows that she should exercise, but has found it difficult to begin the change from being sedentary to physically active. The self-determination theory has three main components; autonomy, competence, and relatedness (Lox, 2014). I was able to use these factors to helpShow MoreRelatedExercise And Behavior Adoption For Many Reasons965 Words   |  4 PagesThis course has given me a new perspective on exercise and behavior adoption for many reasons. The first and biggest realization I had was during the behavior change project. This assignment allowed me to take a step back and assess where I stand physically and mentally. I noticed that I lacked discipline in my diet and exercise routines. That being said, I did exercise periodically prior to this moment, but I knew that I was capable of accomplishing more and using my time more wisely. The fact thatRead MoreThe Cruelty Of Animal Overpopulation1015 Words   |  5 Pagescompanion pets, specially the ones living on the streets. People are well known to always be dissatisfied with their pets for many reasons so it is easy to find animals left in the shelters just because they are unwanted. The continued suffering of animals that are left on the streets causing the uncontrol of many diseases and more proliferation is in fact a people responsability. Many unwanted companion pets with a good health are killed every day just as a results of the pet overpopulation. StarvationRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal All Over627 Words   |  3 PagesBy legalizing same sex marriage in all states, there will be an increase in adoptions, a fina ncial increase and help the mental and physical appearance of thousands of Americans. According to the Human Rights campaign, there are at least 1 million children are being raised by same-sex couples in the United States (3). Allowing same sex marriage would provide thousands of children with stable homes. This would take many children out of foster care and prevent them from returning (â€Å"Gay† 3). OverRead MoreEssay on Transtheoretical Model and Chronic Stress Management1537 Words   |  7 PagesThe behavior I would like to change is the management of chronic stress. Chronic stress is a precursor for most health problems in today’s society. If we look at the start of most health problems, we can likely trace it back to chronic stress. Chronic stress releases levels of cortisol higher than normal. Cortisol is a hormone released from someone with chronic stress, which can which can negatively affect the body’s ability to function. Getting sick is another negative factor of being overlyRead MoreDieting Is The Best Weight Loss Mechanism For Anyone No Matter The Age Essay1284 Words   |  6 PagesToday in the U.S. over one-third of adults are obese over overweight (1,13). This is due to many thing including lack of exercise, lack of motivation and improper diet. All of these can contribute to an unhealthy weight gain, but one in particular has given rise unexpectedly. Individuals who are overweight or obese and want to lose weight, tend to lean on exercise, dieting or combined efforts of exercise and some sort of dieting mechanism. Research has shown that dieting actually has a negative impactRead MoreFamily Of Origin And Our Family Culture Essay1681 Words   |  7 Pagesyour original family. It may also include grandparents, other relatives, or other individuals who lived with you during part of your childhood. From our family we learn how to communicate, deal with our emotions, and get our needs met. We also learn many of our values and beliefs from our families. We often develop our sense of self in the context of our family of origin. Our family of origin or our family culture shapes who we are, determines the thoughts that we have about ourselves and providesRead MoreLifestyle Drug Affecting Health : Obesity1694 Words   |  7 Pagespolicy is dependent considerations - especially with regard to reimbursement by the SHI. Most people know the relationship between health, lifestyle, diet or exercise that is done, however, there is no adequate motivation for you to follow a healthy lifestyle. Perhaps the situation is caused by confusion and poor knowledge about diet and exercise to be performed. To provide greater clarity on these issues, a group of American doctors decided to found the American College of Lifestyle Medicine. ThisRead MoreEssay on Family Health History1475 Words   |  6 Pagesdiet, lack of exercise, and lifestyle choices; but, of course, genetics does play a part. My family, for example, has a history of several issues. My father suffers from diabetes and asthma, which my children have as well. My older sister and I both suffer from stress, which is most likely causing our chronic heartburn and my headaches; and, both my husband and I are borderline obese, which is a gateway disease to many others. While some of these issues are linked genetically, many of them areRead MoreObesity Is A Medical Condition1708 Words   |  7 Pagesrates are increasing each year among the adult population thus making it as one of the problems in public health that is the most serious in the 21st century (Cdc.gov, 2015). In the western world, obesity is associated with fertility and wealth with many of the affected undergoing through stigma. Despite that, there are various causative factors of obesity ranging from physical, social, and psychological. Obesity is associated with social factors like increased food intake and lack of physical activityRead MoreA Profile Report By Eric W1570 Words   |  7 Pagesmishandle because of her granddad. She never knew any ordinary familial relations and got to be distinctly pregnant as an aftereffect of assault when she was only 14—she asserted that her sibling was the father of her youngster. Presented to sexual exercises at an extremely youthful age she started giving sexual supports in return to sustenance, medications, and cigarettes when she was nine years of age. Tossed out of her grandparents home as a youngster she started squeezing out an existence as a

Prison is no Changing Prisoners - 1187 Words

Introduction Some people claim that prison does not change people. Research indicates that after indulging in criminal activities, approximately 70% of the released prisoners return to jail within a few years. Most of them fall in three broad areas: †¢ Violent offending †¢ Sex offending †¢ Addictions (Prisoner Rehabilitation) This shows that there are many different types of criminals some more violent than others. On the other hand, some people believe that criminals can rehabilitate after prison. Evidence shows that some prisoner became authors, actors or even ministers. (10 People Who Changed the World – After Prison) Therefore rehabilitation can be believed possible. This paper seeks to prove that people can rehabilitate under right conditions. This research will begin by evaluating the evidence where prison does not appear effective showing that the conditions are not adequate. It will then proceed to investigate the effectiveness of the institution for rehabilitation where the conditions are better. In the process it will be highlighted that it is possible to rehabilitate prisoners in special conditions. The ineffectiveness of prison Every year the number of prisoners in USA who return to jail increased gradually. Prison’s in the USA need to be improved. The graph below illustrates the proportion of released offenders in some states of USA, who returned to prison for either committing a new crime or a technical violation as well as those whoShow MoreRelatedThe Main Features of the Reforms Passed by the Government in the 19th Century that Affected Prisons879 Words   |  4 Pagesby the Government in the 19th Century that Affected Prisons As we can see from question one prisons needed serious reform. This is because the purpose of prison was to hold people until they were hung or transported therefore no one cared about reforming them. So the purpose of prisons has to change for the conditions to change. This is because if the purpose changes from holding prisoners till death to holding prisoners until there sentence is up people will put more Read MoreThe American Penal System : The United States Essay1705 Words   |  7 PagesPenal System Crime has been an ever-present figure in America even before America officially became a country. Where there is crime, there must be a way to suppress it. That is where prisons come into play. When a person commits a crime, he or she might stay in a prison while awaiting trial and might also stay in a prison as a punishment if that trial does not end in his or her favor. According to The Sentencing Project, as of 2015, the United States’ rate of incarceration was the highest in the worldRead MoreEducation Is The Best Legacy And Most Profitable Achievement That Someone Can Have1524 Words   |  7 PagesEducating the prisoner has been a debate over the ages because people think that there is no life after being released from prison. Although it is not all the offender that are not educated, some even are professional workers, like a doctor, teacher, manager, director, nurse, engineer, and lawyer before they ended their life in jail. Moreover, many prisoners are uneducated, d ue to their background and what they are exposed to when growing up. This research papers on educating prison inmates wouldRead MoreEconomic And Social Stability Within The United States Of America1694 Words   |  7 PagesStatistics on prison matters are some of the known facts in the United States of America. For example, the current populations show that 1 out of every 100 citizens in America are incarcerated. Economic and social stability in law has been one of the major goals of the government in the United States of America. The population increases, there are also high chances in which the number of prisoners are likely to increase. The United States is increasingly developing strategies that would be used inRead MoreEssay about The Farce of Prison Rehabilitation895 Words   |  4 PagesThe Farce of Prison Rehabilitation       After Earl Shriner was released from Prison in 1987, he raped and strangled a seven-year-old boy, then cut off his penis and left him to die (Leo). Reginald Muldrew, who is linked to more than 200 sexual attacks, served sixteen years and was released from prison, only to create trouble again in Indiana (Leo). Did these individuals receive the right punishment or rehabilitation for their imprisonment crime?      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A prison is an institution forRead MoreShould Drugs Be Legalized?1239 Words   |  5 Pagesnormal in their lives. Drugs being involved in prisons is also something that is very similar to the world. Prison guards find an inmate trying to smuggle in drugs at least once a week. As seen on Orange is the New Black in many episodes in season 2 and 3 the inmates smuggled in tobacco for cigarettes and Nicky got in heroin. So if they are doing it in the TV shows you know it’s a common thing happening in the real world. What is happening with drugs in prisons now, how are the drugs getting in, how itsRead MoreThe Purpose of Prisons Essay546 Words   |  3 PagesThe Purpose of Prisons In prisons today, rehabilitation, deterrence, incapacitation, and retribution are all elements that provide a justice to society. Prisons effectively do their part in seeing that one if not more of these elements are met and successfully done. If it were not for these elements, than what would a prison be good for? It is highly debated upon whether or not these elements are done properly. It is a fact that these are and a fact that throughout the remainder of time theseRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of The Lucifer Effect 846 Words   |  4 PagesThis work analyses the Stanford Prison Experiment, and the author’s personal experiences as an expert witness for one of the Abu Ghraib prison guards, to raise fundamental questions about the nature of good and evil. Mankind wants us to believe that there is a little good in all of us. Zimbardo created a min blowing experiment that examine the human mind. The Stanford prison experiment was a study of the psychological effects of becoming a prisoner or prison guard. The experiment was conductedRead MoreBastà ¸y. We All Have An Idea Of How The Future May Look.1320 Words   |  6 Pagescountless American prisoners, today can be considered the future. Why is this? Thirty-six years ago when they were incarcerated, touch screen cell phones and wireless internet were as much of a â€Å"future† as flying cars are for us today. Due to the absence of proper rehabilitation, while serving their time, countless prisoners are being thrown out into a world they do not know. In present-day society, technology is changing, making advancements every day, causing the long sentences’ prisoners serve to putRead MoreTechnology, Transportation, And Communication1070 Words   |  5 Pages For many American prisoners, today can be considered the future, because thirty-six years ago when they were incarcerated, touch screen cell phones and wireless internet were as much of a â€Å"future† as flying cars are for us today. Due to the absence of proper rehabilitation, while serving their time, many prisoners are being thrown out into a world they do not know. In modern society technology is changing and making advancements every day, causing the long sentences prisoners serve to put them decades

Managing Stress On A Working Nurse At A Local Hospital

1. Assume you are in charge of socializing the newly hired nurses at a local hospital. What steps would you take to ensure that they understand the hospital s organizational culture? How would you help them understand how to manage stress on a daily basis so as to prevent burnout later in their careers? Explain. As the person in charge of ensuring new hires embraced and became a part of the local hospital’s culture I would implement the three stages of socialization, the Anticipatory, Accommodation and Role management studied this week as a checklist with the following steps. I. Anticipatory a. Ensure the newly hired nurses have all the information needed to describe what it will be like to work at the hospital. b. Make†¦show more content†¦After all an organization is only as good as the people it keeps. f. Also follow up with the new nurses’ manager and mentor to ensure they have a successful integration within the hospital and understand the crucial role they have. III. Role Management g. Ensure the employee is aware of the benefits provided by the company related to time management and work/life balance h. Educate and provide the newly hired nurses with information related to work place conflict resolution. I would help the employee understand how to deal with on the job stress and prevent burnout by making them aware of all the benefits the hospital provide to ensure good balance between work and home life. I would also make the aware that we are a big family and we have employee assistance program for them and the families where they can contact and obtain support as needed. I would encourage them to spend time with their family and love ones and how beneficial it is when it comes to stress. Finally I would suggest to them have an hobby and stay engage in the hospitals wellness program and maintain a healthy lifestyle. 2. Hospital environments are more stressful in nature than the work environments found in many other organizations. What are some of the unique challenges that hospitals face when attempting to create a supportive organizational culture that helps

Analysis Of Gordon Marino s A Life Beyond Do What You...

Should we simply only do things that we are passionate about or do we need to do some things that we hate in order to meet our responsibilities? This is exactly what Gordon Marino strongly argues in â€Å"A Life Beyond ‘Do What You Love’†. Gordon Marino has created a successful argument about doing what you love and how sometimes we have to do what we hate because we simply have to. He creates his argument by stating his credibility, using emotional tactics, raising a question and then immediately answering it, and asking questions that you immediately know the answer to. Gordon Marino builds up his argument by stating his ethical character which strengthens his credibility. He provides the information about himself to reinforce his argument, and help with his credibility. At the very beginning of the essay, Gordon Marino states that Student advisees often come to my office (Page. 1, Para 1). This information lets us know that he spends his time advising students which gives us a since of his reputation. Gordon Marino also informs us of his occupation in order to strengthen his credibility. As an occupational counselor (Page. 1, Para 2). This lets us know that Gordon Marino is an occupational counselor, which lets us know that he is a believable source who is knowledgeable in the topic at hand. Other information provide support for Gordon Marino’s ethical character. When I am off campus and informally counseling economically challenged kids (Pg. 12, Para 6). Gordon MarinoShow MoreRelatedThe Sunday Night Blues : A Case About 59 Essay1700 Words à ‚  |  7 Pagestheir passions. A highly credible philosophical professor named Dr. Gordon Marino, made an entire article arguing why it would be inadequate and unethical for someone to quit a job that is necessary in order to provide for something bigger than oneself, that working or indulging in comfortable positions makes people miss out on the traditional connection of talent and duty. In Dr.Marino s article, A Life Beyond Do What You Love, he creates an effective argument about the traditional standard ofRead MoreA Life Beyond Do What You Love Essay1698 Words   |  7 Pagestheir passions. A highly credible philosophical professor named Dr. Gordon Marino, made an entire article arguing why it would be inadequate and unethical for someone to quit a job that is necessary in order to provide for something bigger than oneself, that working or indulging in comfortable positions makes people miss out on the traditional connection of talent and duty. In Dr.Marino s article, A Life B eyond Do What You Love, he creates an effective argument about the traditional standard ofRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where thoseRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagescomprehensive industry analysis The Pharmaceutical Industry could be used. However, if the purpose is more focused – illustrating the use of ‘ï ¬ ve forces’ analy sis – the TUI case study or Illustration 2.3 on The Steel Industry could be used. Some cases are written entirely from published sources but most have been prepared in cooperation with and approval of the management of the organisation concerned. Case studies can never fully capture the richness and complexity of real-life management situations

On Being a Musician Essay Example For Students

On Being a Musician Essay Since we all played different instruments e figured out amazing ways to mock a door being knocked, the evil queen planning her sinister plan, and the iconic song the dwarfs always sing. Through the skit we had to work together and learn a lot about everyone in order for it to be astounding. We were all connected at that moment not because we were all stuck in the same place, but because we were young musicians passionate about what we do and relate to each other. For example, Yesterday we had rehearsal and as I was sitting in my seat I looked around the room of San Notations most talented players and realized hat we werent there because our parents made us, but because we enjoy bringing great pieces to life through our instruments. Playing each note I feel the music and I enjoy that feeling of accomplishment and refuge in what I love doing. Unfortunately, some people see being a musician as a lame activity or a waste of time. They use semantics such as performer and entertainer, we dont prance around or sing we make music with instruments making us musicians. I made the decision to be a musician when I told my mom at three years old that I wanted to play the piano. I not sure why I said that, but ever since then I have stuck with it and it is a tremendous part of my life. To be honest, I prefer using the word musician it is a straightforward term for someone who uses a physical instrument to give life to our world. To me a, performer is someone whooshing or acts on a stage like they are contained in a small creative box. As a person involved in fine arts, you need to be able to push outside of those creative boundaries. But, I especially dislike the animosity of the word entertainer. An entertainer makes people seem like a show animal at a circus with no meaning. They practice and work Just as hard as anyone else, but arent specifically musicians. Whatever term people use to describe or say what I do doesnt matter to me as long as I know that I am a musician. Of course I haven always been a musician, but notably it has been one of the best blessings in my life. It has brought me happiness, created great memories, been a fortress, given me a loving group of friends that I consider family, awards and recognition I didnt know existed, and a possible Job in my future. Of course these are great things I have received from it, but it isnt always fine and dandy. It always comes with a price of course , long countless hours of practice, aches in your body, and calluses on your fingers. Being an outcast, not being appreciated by others who just dont get it, people always telling you its not a real Job. By Inanely-Rodriguez passionate about. I definitely look at my orchestra directors as a perfect example of that, they are always happy and excited to teach and learn new music, sometimes even more than us. My teachers always tell me dont put yourself in something if youre not going to give 100 percent. I completely agree. Why am I going to be ascribable in an office if I dont like it. The time I realized I wanted to become a musician was not when I was three and I told my mom to put me in lessons. It was in middle school, when my father attended my first concert after I had switched from violin to double bass. He said as he was watching me play he could see himself as a child when he was in band. He explained that he regretted not following his passion of being a music director and now he is stuck in an office. At that point I realized I was going to stick to my passion no matter what anyone said or did. .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb , .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb .postImageUrl , .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb , .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb:hover , .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb:visited , .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb:active { border:0!important; } .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb:active , .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Music and Concert Analysis EssayMusic is a wonderful thing to do and have the ability to do it is a blessing in disguise. My favorite saying is by Artier Shaw, Life without music can only be seen in black and white. It takes music to add the color. this quote is exactly how being a musician is special and has a great impact on our everyday lives. The dictionary says that the antonym for music is silence. However the great composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, said music is not in the notes, but in the silence. Music is all around us you cant escape it that is the beauty of being a musician, I am a Musician.

Report for My Vision Board for My Career Success-myassignmenthelp

Question: Write about theReport for My Vision Board for My Career Success. Answer: A vision board refers to a technique applied to assist in clarification, concentration, and maintenance of focus on a particular life goal. Essentially, the vision board is a collection of trinkets, sketches, and photographs that reflects the future dreams and goals of an individual. The concept of vision board is directly linked to collaging idea. However, it is applied to a specific are of the individuals life such as a successful career. Nonetheless, the limits of vision board are limitless. Currently, I work as a business executive for a medium sized company in Melbourne city. Also, I work part-time as a venture capital strategist. All these activities pose a significant challenge to my success both at a career and family level. My aim in life is to establish a successful career that will result in happiness and satisfaction in all aspects of my life. To help achieve all these, I have designed the following vision board to illuminate my career path. My Vision Analysis Main Themes in My Vision Board. The theme of career success forms the core theme of my vision board. Pursuing success can be compared to aiming to shoot a chain of moving targets. Each time one hits a given target, others pop up from a different direction. Just when one has attained a particular goal, one gets pressure to exert more efforts, earn more money, or even possess a new property. Examples and standards of achievement shifts constantly, while at the same time, the social and technological changes regularly to pose new challenges to concur. Professionals in various traditional positions found themselves under satisfied, overworked and totally vulnerable. Looking at my vision board, am reminded that true success should be able to give satisfaction in all other aspects of life such as being with a healthy family, friends, and community. A good number of individuals still think that career success requires an approach of the winner-takes-all. Their belief is constructed on the notion that success is determined by the amount of energy one puts in achieving a specific goal. The goal to be achieved may range from focusing on a particular job, becoming the best soccer fan in the community, or being a model husband in town. Nonetheless, no matter how humble a particular goal is, it cannot fully satisfy the complex desires and needs of an individual. As the vision board shows, true career success encompasses a lot. Luckily, success does not have to be viewed as a tug of war that is one-dimensional between happiness and achievement. Am looking forward to develop in the right direction, with my ideals of the good life for myself, my family, and my community. Over time, I have studied several high achievers who were able to realize that long-term success, provides a positive difference, and along the way enjoyed the process. Most successful individuals have attained their success since they had a wider understanding of what success encompasses. Kaleidoscope Image (Happiness, Significance, Achievement and Legacy Themes) The vision board encompasses a kaleidoscope (image at far left). Success strategy that is effective can be likened to Kaleidoscope. Kaleidoscope is a simple apparatus that is mechanical comprising of a mirror, tube, and lens that insulates different chambers. Every chamber supports glass pieces that continuously shifts upon the tubes movement. With my dream of a successful life, I try to envision a different type of kaleidoscope. This kind of kaleidoscope also comprises of four chambers. These four chambers are achievement, significance, happiness, and legacy with an addition of a brilliant glass pieces, aims that are sought of fulfilled. As time progress, this patter grows unique, richer and richer. In this context, success is all about pattern, movement, choice and structure that embraces distinct activities together. Just like a kaleidoscope, one has to hold this pattern against the light. Through, constant assessment of the image created in the four chamber, one can easily spot t he holes. The holes are the place that will need more consideration in my activities and be sure that I will interrupt other tasks to attend to those activities. Meanwhile, the remaining chips will be sufficient, but will not be enough for the rest of my life. After compiling my vision board, I realized that people who attain long-term success depend on kaleidoscope strategy in order to structure their ambitions. They are constantly creating new chips in each of the four chamber and selecting their actions with an aim that the image will show an attractive proportionality. Having deep satisfaction in the four categories gives these achievers extra strength, that they are unable to turn away from one category when the other one requires more attention. The satisfaction ensures that they do not walk away from a certain time until they are confident of its success. They hate the term that this is enough. They acknowledge the significance of establishing their own high standards for what they can term as enough and not laying low to the infinite lure of more. As an exhausted business capitalist, I need to understand that rising back my accomplishment aims is a section of the larger picture of development in the other categories, instead of paralyzing opportunity of loss and achieving nothing. This kaleidoscope vision will allow for cultivation of emotional relationship I desire to have with my family. This encourages me not to give up my desired achievement and readjust the amount of effects I put in that category. To attain this, I need to be more creative and versatile and exhibit more energy than I am now. Furthermore, as an executive managing a challenging product rollout dilemma in terms of temporary versus lasting achievement. I would perform better in re-structuring my challenges in terms of legacy: What type of platform would I be establishing for the prosperity of this product and that of forthcoming managers in the organization if I chose to distribute unsatisfactory products? Reflecting about the issue from this viewpoint helps in clarifying my priorities. Rather than feeling that way I decided to make a trade-off in a negative sense, even though I could still take a positive perspective of what required the most attention and what was worth my sacrifice. Self-Recreation Theme To attain career success, it is important for one to recreate him/herself. The recreation can be attained through practicing, training, and collection of feedback. This is shown in my vision by the image in bold about Creating yourself. The most important issue in my career development is improvement of my skills. The skills I decide to work on are the skills that I will require in building my future success, or are the necessary skills in my present training like writing skill and research skills. If only I could focus on the improvement of one to three specific skills before the end of this year, then do the same in every year of my training, then am confident that I will be well prepared for my future career. Establishing skill-development goals is like devising my own curriculum. In a class, an educator determines what material to be covered, offers training, allows the students to practice the course, and then examines their learning skills and ability through examination. In the same manner, for every skill that I intend to improve, I establish SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Timely) goals for that skill. I determine how to be trained, make sure I practice the skill and ensure I obtain feedback. For instance, for me to achieve my desire of becoming a more attractive business executive, I have to go to a workshop that teaches how one can become a business leader that is strong. In order to enhance this skill development, I will have to put the techniques in practice through giving talks to students and even people, holding seminars, presenting at conferences and group meeting. Afterwards, I can obtain feedback from trustworthy colleagues or anyone who will be ava ilable and willing to provide the feedback. Conclusion and Comments on activity Pursuing success can be compared to aiming to shoot a chain of moving targets. To attain career success, it is important for one to recreate him/herself. The recreation can be attained through practicing, training, and collection of feedback. Success strategy that is effective can be likened to Kaleidoscope. This kind of kaleidoscope comprises of four chambers. These four chambers are achievement, significance, happiness, and legacy with an addition of a brilliant glass pieces. After compiling my vision board, I realized that people who attain long-term success depend on kaleidoscope strategy in order to structure their ambitions. They are constantly creating new chips in each of the four chamber and selecting their actions with an aim that the image will show an attractive proportionality.

Monsanto Companys Monopoly

Table of Contents Introduction History of Monsanto Market impact of the monopoly Market acquisition References Introduction The essay is an over view of monopoly. The chosen company or organization for the purposes of this study is Monsanto a company that holds about 70% to 100% of the market in commercial seed. It is well known for producing herbicide roundup, pesticide, crop seeds and it was sued by those organizations that compete with it for monopolistic practices as well as anti-trust.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Monsanto Company’s Monopoly specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company was founded in 1901 and headquartered at Creve Coeur, Missouri in United States of America. It employs slightly over 21,000 as at 2009. In 2008 its revenue and net income stood at $11.37 and $2.02 billion. Economists coined the term monopoly to refers to an existing situations whereby a particular person or an or ganization do have adequate say or control concerning given goods or services thus determining as well as dictating the conditions or terms under which consumers as well as other persons will have the potential to land their hands on such goods or services. There are four main characteristics of monopoly, single seller, market power, price discrimination as well as firm and industry. History of Monsanto It was founded in 1901 and well known as a multinational corporation that leads in biotechnology in the field of agriculture; additionally it produces genetically engineered seed. 18 years down the line, it partnered with Grasser’s Chemical Works thereby expanding its business in Europe. It later grew to produce industrial chemicals. In 1940 the company became well known in producing plastic. Four years later it started producing DDT bit was later banned, in 1949the corporation acquired the American Viscose (Julfekar, 2010). Five years down the line it joined hands with Bayer to engage in Polyurethanes in United States of America. The corporation bought G.D Searle Company. It is important noting that, 11 years later, it acquired 49.9% of Calgene and before the end of that year, it again acquired close to 5%. In 1997, it spun of its fiber division as well as industrial chemical. It later sold three of its companies among them NutraSweet Co. In 2000 it entered into a merge with Upjohn and Pharmacia. Five years down the line the corporation acquired Seminis a company that is a leader in producing fruits and vegetable seed. At the end of 2007 the business venture purchased Delta as well as Pine Land Company. Two years ago, 2008 it again purchased De Ruiter Seed while selling its brand –Posilac. It now controls above 70% of the agricultural market in USA. In my view, Monsanto acquired it monopoly status through vertical mergers as well as acquisitions. Market impact of the monopoly It is worth noting that Monsanto Corporation through its monopolistic c haracteristic did impact both positively and negatively to the market. Traditionally, monopolies do impact especially in prices; it either lowers prices or makes it to skyrocket.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this case, Monsanto at some point set their prices so high that Americans as well s other consumers were unable to buy their product, but due to lack of better substitutes they had to buy these products but at lower volumes (Montague, 1999). Additionally, due to monopoly, competition was not in existence, thus the products being produced ere not of high quality and competitive in terms of prices. Consumers had fewer choices. Market acquisition Just like other monopolies, Monsanto has been in law suits over various issues. Notably, in India, the corporation was accused of trying to control the cotton industry (Gersema, 2003). It has also been accused of controlling biotech corn as well as department of Soybean seed. Concerning predatory pricing, the company was accused to misusing its monopoly to unlawfully monopolize and freeze competition relating to glyphosphate and maintaining a supra-competitive price (Stewart, 2010). Additionally, the corporation has been accused of antitrust as the company was accused of misusing its dominance it dominance in roundup to forcefully make companies that produce seed to license the company’ biotechnology. References Stewart, T. (2010). How monopolies impact consumer prices. Web. Montague, P. (1999). Monsanto: The Bad Seed. Environmental Health Weekly, 21(6), 2-16. Gersema, E. (2003). Death Sentence for Monsanto–Roundup Resistant Weeds. Associated Press. Julfekar H. (2010). Types of Monopoly. Retrieved from https://www.indiastudychannel.com/resources/106541-Types-Monopoly.aspxAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Monsanto Company’s Monopoly specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Monsanto Company’s Monopoly was written and submitted by user LukeSkywalker to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Evaluating Essay Sample

Evaluating Essay SampleEvaluation of essay sample is an important step in writing an essay. When you have an outline, your work will be much easier. A sample essay will help you gauge what kind of essay you want to write and help you make sure that you follow the rules of grammar and syntax.Writing the introduction is not as simple as it seems. The first paragraph should include your thesis statement, the purpose of the essay, and a thesis statement that you have used as a guide. You should be able to use that statement as a way to do a quick survey of the topics that you are going to cover in the rest of the essay.In the body of the essay, you will want to add a brief description of the main idea of the essay. It is also a good idea to include a list of all the information about yourself that you are going to provide in the conclusion of the essay. A topic that is a good match for the conclusion is your goals. You can provide the readers with a summary of how you want the reader to read the essay. There are many other great ways to do this.Evaluating essay sample is more complicated than it seems. You need to know when to stop writing to prevent repetitions. It is OK to use some examples, but if you find that the examples that you used are not working, you need to re-write the paragraphs. You should always follow the rules of grammar and syntax.Some people like to split their essay into chapters so that they can get a handle on where the essay is going. This is very helpful, especially for someone who has not written an essay before. Once you have a strong idea for the structure of the essay, you can use your essay sample to help you find out how to go about writing it.In the middle of your essay, you can take a break and look at your work. You can look at your outline, or you can go over your ideas to make sure that you are following the rules of grammar and syntax. You may even want to edit your essay after writing it. Editing is something that should be don e carefully because you will have to change words, rewrite some sentences, and change your punctuation if you need to.Before you send your essay, be sure that you have checked your essay for spelling and grammar errors. There is no point in sending your essay and then finding out that it was riddled with mistakes that were completely your fault. Try to send your essay through the same spell check program that you use for other documents.There are many other tips and tricks that you can use to improve your essay. It is important to remember that the point of your essay is to educate the reader. Be sure that your students appreciate the time and effort that you put into your assignment.

Global Branding Strategy

Global Branding Strategy Nowadays, there are millions of consumers worldwide. There is a huge amount of products from diverse suppliers, from different countries, with different packing designs and names. But on the inside those products are more or less similar. Which one to choose is the question? Most people would pick the one which they either tried before or the one which they heard about. As a result some products are selling better, than the other ones. The effectiveness of marketing depends not only on the rational usage of marketing tools, but on the accordance of the product to a certain market, how well it fits to the market demand. Bringing this product to the market of consumers and creating not only a short-term, but a long-term consumer preference to a given brand among the competitors is an important task of marketing.Brand is an impression about a product in the minds of consumers, the label, which is associated with a given product.KDE brand map: description of the new KDE brands a...The pr ocess of creating a brand and manipulating it is called branding. Basically, branding is all about the image of the product.A system of brands and branding-marketing started to develop since the middle of the nineteenth century. Branding developed in different countries, but the main contribution was made by the Great Britain and the USA. We will view the history of branding in the USA as an example.The brands appeared in 1870 as an alternative to a huge amount of products with a doubtful reputation and low quality, which flooded the US. At that time in America, as almost everywhere in the world, the factories produced a faceless production - soap, lamps etc, which didn't have a name and were bought by bulk buyers for retail selling (Yamin 2003 p604) .Holt in his book branding icons...

International Business Finance Issues in IBF Supplies Plc and Joe Research Paper

International Business Finance Issues in IBF Supplies Plc and Joe Company - Research Paper Example Multinational vs. domestic capital budgeting project: consideration of additional factors 9 Characteristics of multinational companies (MNCs) affecting the cost of capital 10 Ram plc and Pram plc: Benefits from economies of scale 10 Theory of Comparative Advantage as a motive for international trade: Usefulness 11 Reference 13 1. IBF Supplies Plc: Financial and non-financial factors influencing the proposal of establishing subsidiaries in Eastern Europe, Africa as well as Asia IBF Supplies Plc is one of the leading companies in the UK market in supplying office items to its clients. The company holds a competitive edge over its competitors as it supplies the office items at a competitive price and also the time of delivery of IBF Supplies Plc is comparatively low. The management of the company has assessed that there would be a decrease in demand in the domestic markets in future for which the Director has envisaged the expansion of the company into foreign markets. IBF Supplies Plc found there is an increasing demand for the supply of its products in the markets of Eastern Europe, Africa as well as Asia. The financial factors to be considered in the proposal of establishing foreign subsidiaries of IBF Supplies Plc in Eastern Europe, Africa as well as Asia includes assessment of the economy of the respective local markets, the costs involved in the foreign investments which ranges from the cost of raising of capital, cost for working capital, financing costs, etc. The financial factors also include assessment of financial risks, benefits and disadvantages associated with the foreign investments of IBF Supplies Plc. The non-financial factors to be considered which influences the foreign investment proposal of IBF Supplies Plc are the social factors, political factors, technological factors and the legal factors of the foreign land that has an impact on the business of IBF Supplies Plc.  

Critically evaluate the nature of the relationship between Essay

Critically evaluate the nature of the relationship between intellectual property law and competition law, with particular emphasis on the European Union - Essay Example Article 101 and 102 were regulated as a means of achieving this goal.5 Eventually, the main aim of monitoring competition between undertakings is to protect consumer welfare by striving economic activities. IPRs seem to create conflict with the free movement of goods and services based on the provisions of Article 34 and 36 TFEU6. This essay will critically evaluate the relationship between IP law and Competition Law by focusing on EU perspectives. It will review Article 101 and 102 TFEU on IPRs after indicating detailed information about tension between two disciplines as well as their objectives and policies7. Indeed, since intellectual property rights entitle their owners to exclusive rights on the one hand, while competition law aims to preserve markets open on the other, an inherent tension between the two areas of law is a challenge to their implantation8. Among the main aims of the EU is to set a system of competition law. That informs the reason for creating Article 101 and 102, the Merger Regulation, and State Aid rules. It also explains the justification to pursue a central role in the Treaty as the means for maintenance of effective competition within the European Union.9Besides, The Court of Justice has routinely reaffirmed that the implementation of IPRs, in principle, must correspond to the rules of competition (Article 101 and 102), as well as the rules of free movement of goods referred in Article 34-3710. IPRs are protected under national laws of individual EU countries. Thus, the existence of different national laws on intellectual property produces some difficulties in the EU because of its integration of the single market integration.11 Regarding the aim of free movement of goods throughout the EU, Article 34 (TFEU) outlines restrictions on imports.†12 Article 36 states, â€Å"the protection of industrial and commercial property13† can justify a

Letter to relative requesting financial assistance to start a retail Article

Letter to relative requesting financial assistance to start a retail store - Article Example We intend to separate ourselves from the competition by utilizing both a brick and mortar storefront at the mall as well as a web presence. Therefore, our customer base will not be limited to local clients, but we will deal with a potential worldwide clientele. Our market research has indicated that there is a high level of dissatisfaction among gift recipients as a result of the lack of high- quality customized gifts that are also affordable. Our intention is to fill the gap between the high-end customized gifts and the lackluster generic gift market. The Gift Basket Company offers these people an alternative, providing them memorable and magical gift baskets. For example, we use highly detailed surveys to prepare our baskets, in which the customer gives details about such things as favorite colors, foods, hobbies, interests and other items of interest that help us build the most appropriate gift basket. Daily employee relations create an enormous opportunity for corporate gift baskets. Companies are experiencing more and more needs for gifts: congratulatory gifts for new births or marriages, sympathy gifts for bereaved family members and even smaller items to welcome a new employee or give thanks to a longstanding employee. In addition, the clientele for corporate gifts is wide open.

My Philosophy of Education Essay -- Philosophy on Education Statement

Philosophy On Education: My Beliefs Students are the key to our future. In order for them to make sound decisions in life they must be able to understand the consequences for the choices they make. My goal as a teacher will be to make sure they receive the knowledge to make those decisions. I want to be a teacher so that I can mold students to be intelligent, productive citizens in our society. I want to be a role model, someone children can look up to and emulate. I believe I am worthy and capable of being a teacher because I am intelligent, compassionate, and of high moral character. I believe I can encourage students to become the best person they can be. To achieve these goals, there are factors I need to consider, such as: what type of learning environment I will provide for the students, what teaching methods will I incorporate, and whom will my students be. The students’ learning environment is an important factor to their success. I want to encourage both group and solitary learning. The desks will be arranged in groups of two and will promote a buddy system in the classroom. My buddy system is designed to give students the opportunity to interact with others outside their usual clique. I believe this system will encourage students to become acquainted with new people and new ideas. I also want a classroom with windows. That way, the students could have plants to tend. I believe the plants would promote responsibility and serve as a year round science project. Bulletin boards would not reflect the students’ grade level, but instead they would represent something a bit more advanced. Hopefully, these bulletin boards will stimulate questions, peak curiosity, and get students prepared for advanced subj... ...ds cannot get the one on one care he/she deserves in a large classroom. I would be willing to include students with severe disabilities for some of the activities. However, someone trained in the field of special education will be better equipped and more qualified to teach those students than myself. To sum it up, my philosophy about education is centered on the students. The classroom will reflect an open, collective, yet challenging environment. I will employ any teaching technique necessary to motivate, encourage and assist my students in achieving their academic best. I want all my students to have an equal opportunity to succeed; therefore, I will strive for fairness in testing, grading and classroom accommodations. Above all, it is my ultimate goal to provide the students with the capability and the knowledge that they will need to succeed in life.

The Burma Road Riot

Question 1a Write a detailed account of the Burma Road Riot in Nassau, Bahamas. At the beginning of the Second World War the American government made arrangements to build training bases in of the Caribbean Islands. Being a part of the Caribbean, The Bahamian government and the American government scheduled to build two operational bases in New Providence, one in Satellite Field and the other in Oaks Field, they also called it the Main Field. This would then employ over two thousand men.The news began to spread to the outer islands and many out islanders saw it as a good opportunity to be employed for big wages. During the last ten years the economy had declined due to the ending of prohibition in 1933. These Bahamians came to New Providence because they knew that the Americans would pay high wages because some worked on the American base in Exuma before. Unfortunately, the Bahamian workers were paid half the wages the Americans were paid for the same job.After failing to get the emp loyer to remedy their unfair wage, on Sunday 31st May, 1942, the local workers gathered in front of the Pleasantville Construction company with the aim of getting their employer to improve their wages offered to the two site; the wages were lower than the employees expected, also their wages were lower than the American wages who did the same job. Bahamian wages were only four shillings for eight hours. This situation was so unfair it made the Bahamian workers frustrated and bitter against their white employers.As a result a charged working relationship between the Bahamian workers developed. Since there was no resolution in the meeting on the following day Monday, 1st June, 1942 laborers marched to Bay Street protesting that they be paid the full amount of wages by the Pleasantville Contractors. The Bahamian protestors didn’t know that it was the â€Å"Bay Street Boys† that told the Americans to pay the Bahamian employees less that it supposed to be. Because the Pleas antville Contractors didn’t reply to the laborers request it made the workers more infuriated. Moreover, the meeting that was agreed n with the workers and the Colonial Labor Officer never materialized. This infuriated the workers even more. The disgruntled workers were accompanied by a crowd of people. They marched from Parliament via Nassau Street with cubs and sticks. On their way they met a Coca-Cola truck filled with empty bottles which they pelted the windows of the buildings. They used those bottles as missiles. While the rioting was at its height a carbon of police with fixed bayonets and steel helmets came down from the barracks and remained standing in that formation for a period of time in front of the Post Office.While the sound of glass breaking and the crowd shouting, that could be heard up and down the street, the policemen moved along Bay Street and were successful in dispersing most of the rioters, which they reassembled in other places. The police could not cope with this situation so a detachment of British forces were called in. Before the end of the day members of the Volunteer Defense Force were situated to the Barracks. When order was restored in the city, throughout the afternoon isolated cases of violence were dealt with and some people were arrested. Many of the shops were extensively looted.Several business shops were stripped of their stock. There were many of the people that were seen with armfuls of stolen goods leaving the city. As soon as the streets were completely clear the suspects were ordered to show the stocks of the parcels that they were carrying on them. Some of the loot was recovered and people were arrested. The damages of the property and merchandise ran into thousands of pounds. They attacked the cars that were moving and parked which were damaged very badly, Also the owners were at the wheel at some point and time. Liquor stores were looted as well and the drunkenness resulting added fuel to the fire.In conc lusion, this rioting and looting lead to two deaths and twenty-five injuries, they also smashed the Red Cross. The rioting lasted for two long days. After all the Duke of Windsor said that the Bahamian wages will be dealt with. Half more of the workers came back. On the 4th June 1942, things were just about normal for everyone and wages were increased by one shilling for the local workers. This riot signaled that Black Bahamians were no longer going to be submissive to the oligarchy. Moreover, black Bahamians became united and silently fought for better living conditions and equal rights and justice. The Burma Road Riot I’se a Man Political Awakening and the 1942 Riot in the Bahamas Abstract When Americans began building their World War II bases in Nassau, the Bahamians they hired expected the high wage rates that usually accompanied foreign contracts. Unfortunately, the Bahamian government had negotiated much lower rates than were expected. Green, with his cry ‚I’se a man,? captured the indignation that many of his co-workers felt. After attempts to address the wage issue by collective bargaining failed, two thousand labourers gathered at the building site chanting ‚we want more money.?Their cries fell on deaf ears and police officers were called in to disperse the group. But, the police only succeeded in agitating the protestors. Eventually, armed with sticks and clubs, the leaderless crowd marched to where they would be heard. They marched to Bay Street, the stage for some of the most significant events in the Bahamas’ history and a social space that has continual ly been at the centre of cultural, economic and political life in the country. Two days of rioting ensued. Although the riot was triggered by a labor dispute, it has been described as the first sign of a popular movement in the Bahamas.And, some have described the riot as a tremor along the fault line that divided the rich white Bahamians who owned businesses on Bay Street and the poor blacks who worked as laborers and lived in the poorer neighborhoods ‚over-the-hill.? This paper is an effort to retell the story of the riot, focusing on its significance as the first sign of political awakening in the country’s black community. This paper was published in the Journal of Caribbean History, 41 (1 & 2) 2008. Paper presented at the 30th Annual Conference of the Society for Caribbean Studies, The National Archives, Kew, UK, July 2006.We would like to thank Nicola Virgill and John Rolle for comments on previous versions of this paper. The standard disclaimer applies. * I. Intr oduction At the beginning of the Second World War, the British and American governments made arrangements to build training bases on several of the British West Indian islands. Two of these operational bases were scheduled to be built on New Providence Island, the economic hub of the Bahamas; one in Oaks Field known as Main Field and one in the western end of the island known as Satellite Field.The Project, as it was called, would employ over two thousand Bahamians. When the news about this employment opportunity was publicized, many men from the outlying Bahamian islands flocked to New Providence joining the already large labor pool that looked forward to the high wages that such foreign projects historically brought. The wages offered were not only lower than was expected but there was an inequity of pay between Americans and Bahamian laborers employed at the same jobs.The men were dissatisfied but neither management nor government made any real steps to reconcile the wage dispute . What started as low grumbling among the men at work, exploded into two days of rioting that left six men dead, several people injured and Bay Street, the island’s principal commercial district, and parts of Grant’s Town, where many of the laborers resided, in shambles. Dame Doris Johnson, noted Bahamian politician, has argued that the 1942 riot was a watershed event in the Bahamas’ political and racial history. That the June 1 and 2 disturbances were mblematic of a growing political consciousness within the Bahamas’ majority black community and was the explosive start of what would ultimately be a relatively quiet revolution to usher in black rule and independence in the former British colony. As Johnson recorded, as a consequence of the riot ‚the first awakenings of a new political awareness began to be felt in the hearts of black people < time, and the remarkable foresight, courage, and initiative of a few dedicated members of that majority were all that were required to crystallize this awareness into a mighty political force.?Sir Randol Fawkes, labor leader and parliamentarian, has concurred. As they rightly point out, the riot was the first major collective labor action in the Bahamas with political overtones. Political scientist, Colin Hughes, however, has questioned its significance. While accepting it as a precursor, he views it more as a symbol that was profitably mythologized and rallied around once the popular movement actually found its feet. According to Hughes, the riot was ‚a momentary outburst of raw energy? that ‚provided martyrs and a heroic moment? o Bahamian blacks ‚once a political movement had finally started.? Agreeing with Hughes, Gail Saunders sees it as a ‚short-lived spontaneous outburst? after which ‚the black masses slept on.? 3 Both deny any direct link to the dramatic socio-political developments in the 1960s, pointing out that nothing much happened in response to the riot and that no real push for political power or majority rule could be said to exist in the Bahamas for more than a decade after the riot. They also point out that nothing like this ever happened again in the Bahamas making this event an anomaly.The riot, however, was more than an isolated act of venting. And, although a powerful symbol of black agency that has been referenced again and again in the political struggles of Bahamian blacks, the riot was more than a symbol. The riot had real (if not immediate) effects. Following Johnson, it is our contention that the riot is rightfully considered the first shot in the battle for political change in the Bahamas. The riot also kindled the development of a pro-black consciousness in the country, a necessary precursor to black rule and independence.At the time of the riot, political and economic life in the colony was controlled by a small group of white merchants who were headquartered on Bay Street. As Johnson describes, ‚the usually docile and cheerful Bahamian workers? marched towards Bay Street, the space of white wealth, ‚in an angry and belligerent mood.? The 1942 riot demonstrated to both Bahamian blacks and the oligarchs who were known collectively as the ‚Bay Street Boys,? that Bay Street was vulnerable. Indeed, the riot showed quite clearly that the hold the merchant princes had on the Bahamas was far from complete and unassailable.The majority black population in the Bahamas could literally dismantle the edifices of minority white rule, if sufficiently provoked. The fissure that was created in 1942 would widen over the next few decades and within a quarter of a century it became a gapping whole that the majority black Progressive Liberal Party walked through to victory. This paper is an effort to retell the story of the riot, focusing on its significance as the first sign of political awakening in the country’s black community. II. Don’t Lick Nobody: Two Days of Mass Action On June 1, 942, just weeks after the Project had began, laborers from both Main Field and Satellite Field marched to Bay Street after their continual and by then quite loud demands for higher wages were met with patronizing replies and admonishments to return to work. As Leonard Storr Green, who was convicted as one of the leaders of the group explains, ‚one of the white bosses wanted to check up on the labourers so that they should go back to work. The crowd said they would not go back until they had some main proof about the wages and they did not go back.?The crowd marched to Bay Street carrying clubs and sticks and assembled in Rawson Square, across from the Parliament and outside the Colonial Secretary’s office, hoping ‚to put their plea for higher wages to someone in authority.? Several members of the colonial government and the local assembly attempted to placate them, promising that if they dispersed and returned to work, their requests would be con sidered. They were almost persuaded to put down their weapons and to go back to work but eye witnesses and members of the crowd of labors cite two things as triggering the riotous acts that took place.Some attributed the change in crowd’s attitude to the presence of police superintendent Captain Edward Sears. Sears had been present at a peaceful but loud demonstration at the Main Field about wages a day earlier and had drawn his revolver in order to disband the crowd. As Green reports, Captain Sears’ presence on Bay Street ‚made them angry because it looked as if he would do something.? Others blamed Attorney General Eric Hallinan’s insensitive remarks. Hallinan was among those who had attempted to mollify the crowd.As Hallinan would later testify, he informed them that the American contractors ‚had intended to bring in labourers from America? but had changed their minds since the Bahamians ‚had done so well.? He then warned the workers ‚ not to spoil that record.? The crowd perceived his remarks as a threat. If they did not return to work quietly, they would be replaced by workers from America. As Hallinan later recognized, ‚those remarks of mine were, I think misunderstood by the crowd and there was signs that they resented those remarks.?Whatever the catalyst, a portion of the crowd that had marched to Rawson Square singing patriotic anthems turned their attention away from diplomacy and bargaining and began to take their frustrations out on Bay Street. They moved down the street smashing car windows and breaking storefronts. Although the beginning crowd numbered in the thousands, it is hard to tell the number of people that actually took part in the violent outburst that followed their peaceful march to Bay Street. It is also difficult to determine which of the various groups of people who participated in the protest did which acts.It appears that the people that broke windows were not the same people that would later loot the stores. But the record here is not entirely clear. As the workers marched to Bay Street from Oakes Field that Monday morning, their numbers were augmented by people who lived in the black communities that they walked through on their way to Bay Street. It is therefore quite possible that a portion of the crowd left peaceably after having made their case, a portion lashed out at the shops and automobiles that were parked on Bay Street, and that an altogether different portion of the crowd looted the shops.After allowing the rioters and looters almost free reign on Bay Street for most of the morning, a force comprised of police officers and the Cameron’s Highlanders, a group of Scottish soldiers who were stationed in Nassau to protect the Duke of Windsor, who was Governor of the Bahamas, were brought in to sweep the street clean of protestors. This worked and by midday they managed to push most of the crowd ‚over the hill,? to the poorer neighborhoods outside the city center. There was a standoff in the Grant’s Town area at to the corner of Cotton Tree and Blue Hill Road between a small crowd of rioters and about 40 police offices and soldiers.The crowd was throwing rocks at the combined forced. One rock hit a Cameron Highlander and knocked him unconscious. During this standoff, one civilian was shot and killed, another was shot and eventually died in the hospital and five men were wounded and recovered. It is possible that the crowd that rioted in Grant’s Town were not from that neighborhood. Indeed, several Grant’s Town residents insisted that the rioters were not from their settlement. As Alfred McKenzie, a black merchant, who owns a store in Grant’s Town recounts, ‚I didn’t recognize any one especially.I think there were just a few leaders and the majority of the crowds were looking for what they could get after the places was broken into. Young men and women made up this crowd.? What ever the composition or origin, the police had a hard time subduing the crowd in Grant’s Town. Having failed to control the crowd, the police read the Riot Act at about one o’clock in the afternoon, ten minutes after the incident at Cotton Tree, set curfew and left Grant’s Town. With the police went the authority of law and the force of the curfew. After the forces ithdrew, the crowd, many who by now were intoxicated, laid siege to the Grant’s Town police station, set fire to a filling station, fire truck and ambulance, looted the post office and library and broke into many of the small neighborhood businesses. Rioting and looting took place in this community all through the night. The police would later argue that their withdrawal saved lives. The crowd was in such an agitated mood, their commanding officer testified, that it would have taken extreme measures to contain them. The police therefore felt it was better not to be in a situation where they wou ld be forced to fire on the crowd.Although some citizens testified before the Commission that ‚if the forces had returned to Grant’s Town they could have easily pacified the it without trouble,? others reported that ‚by this time the mob here was so drunk that they could only have been pacified at a very considerable loss of life.? The Commission observed that, in fact, only one person was injured in Grant’s Town after the forces had been withdrawn and that was a rioter who was shot< by a coloured man in defence of his shop. A few shops, mainly liquor shops, were broken into; but the amount of damage done, although considerable, was not great.?In Grant’s town the rioting was not only more violent but also seemed to have been much more 16 random than on Bay Street. Whereas on Bay Street, there was a definite pattern to the stores that were destroyed and looted, there seemed to be none in Grant’ Town. On Bay Street there are numerous episodes of shop proprietors and other citizens being able to reason with the crowds; in Grant’s Town, there was no listening to reason. It was the opinion of most observers that the amount of alcohol consumed played a great part in the violence and destruction that took place that evening.Riots are often intoxicating because of the lure of recklessness and the sudden freedom to act on the basest of desires. When that allure is coupled with the intoxication of alcohol the dangers are magnified. In Grant’s Town a number of bars had been broken into. In Captain Sears’ report of what took place once the crowd was pushed over the hill, he states that the ‚Red Lion Bar had been broken into and all the liquor taken from there.? 18 17 Lance Corporal Gooding reported that when he went over the hill from Bay Street that ‚Bethel’s Bar on the corner of Martin Street and Blue Hill road was being broken into.?Complaining of the riot, one resident of Grant’s To wn testified, ‚I think there are too many liquor stores in Grant’s Town.? After the rioting in Grant’s Town, concerned citizens One of the two later fatalities was the result of a Grant’s town resident protecting his property from a looter who refused to listen to reason. In his testimony, Clifford Holbert a stone mason who was protecting a shop that he owned with his father relays the incident that took at about 10 a. m. on June 2, ‚I was sitting on the counter and the leader who is called Johnson held his hand up and made a sign to the man.Johnson had a carpenter’s hammer in his hand. He made a sign to the men and said, ‘come on, boys lets go in. ’ I said to them, ‘why don’t you behave yourselves, aren’t we all coloured? ’ They still came in. The others besides the leader had sticks, bottles and stones and some of them had empty sacs as if to put my property in. I was sitting on the counter with a shot gun on my knees. They flocked around me and as they flocked around me the gun went off. The leader was taken up to the hospital and was dead.? submitted a petition asking for re-zoning, because as it stood there were 30 liquor stores in the southern district.Throughout the night, bands went through the settlement looting and generally causing havoc. On the morning, June 2 , a handful of businesses and residences were singled out for attack. Mr. George Cole’s Eastern Pharmacy located on Shirley Street was one of them. Cole was a white merchant whose Grant’s Town store had been destroyed the previous afternoon. nd A gang from Grant’s Town marched to Shirley Street to loot the store. The Highlanders responded to the phone calls reporting the happenings at the pharmacy and were able to disperse the crowd without incident.The looting of Cole’s pharmacy and the liquor store next door to it were the last actions of the riot. Reassured by the Duke of Windsor, the Governor of the Bahamas that the wage question would be dealt with, more the half the workers returned to work on June 4 and by the end of the week, life returned to normal. 21 III. Political First Steps: On The Meaning of the Riot th Most historians who have studied the riot have argued that it was not a significant precursor to the political movements that would take place in the Bahamas over the next few decades.The riot, they contend, was just a momentary outburst and its effects, they suggest, are difficult to trace. Doris Johnson, it’s supposed, was mistaken when she described the rioters as being consciously engaged in a struggle for their rights and suggested that the riot caused ‚stirrings in the hearts of the poor and the not-so-poor Bahamians? that ultimately led to political and social change in the Bahamas. One witness to the riot, Etienne Dupuch, the editor of a local newspaper and a person long thought to be ‚in touch? ith the social attitudes of t he Bahamian people argued that the riot was ‚the natural outcome of the narrow economic, political and social policies pursued by a small but dominant political group in this colony during the last quarter century.? Similarly, Hughes has described the riot as ‚a momentary outburst of raw energy.? 23 22 And, Saunders, agreeing with both Dupuch and Hughes, has called the riot a ‚short lived spontaneous outburst by a group of disgruntled labourers < *that+ occurred against a background of narrow socio-economic and political policies.?If the riot, however, was the opening skirmish in the battle for majority rule in the Bahamas can we fairly describe it as a momentary or short-lived outburst? Likewise, is it fair to blame the riot on a group of disgruntled workers when many of the rioters were not affiliated with the project? And, finally, is it accurate to describe the system of exploitation and oppression that hemmed in much of the black majority and privileged the Ba y Street oligarchs as simply narrow socio-economic and political policies? As noted above, Saunders claims that the sentiments which fueled the riot were ‚short-lived.? ‚Black anger,? he contends, ‚erupted spontaneously? and ‚then quickly died.? Similarly, Hughes has called the riot a ‚momentary outburst.? To be sure, the riot was just a two-day affair; hostilities began the morning of June 1st, 1942 and by the afternoon of Tuesday, June 2 , 1942 the rioting and looting was over. Even if one includes the small demonstration at Oakes Field on the preceding Sunday, the 1942 riot was still (in one sense at least) a brief disturbance. Still, it would be a mistake to describe the riot as just a momentary eruption. The riot was an important first step in the popular movement that would envelope the Bahamas in decades to come.The racial and political consciousness which fueled the quiet revolution in the Bahamas was ripened during this disturbance. And, as we argued elsewhere, processes of identity convergence and identity construction were certainly at work during the riot. continues to be a powerful symbol of black agency and has been referenced again and again in the political struggles of Bahamian blacks, relived in songs, sermons and speeches. Admittedly, it’s difficult to pinpoint the beginning of any movement. Did the Civil Rights movement in the United States begin with the landmark Brown versus the Topeka Board of Education decision in 1954?Or, did it begin a year later with the Dr. Martin Luther King led Montgomery Alabama bus boycott? Or, did it begin twenty five years earlier during the 1919 red summer riots? These were among the first race riots in U. S. where blacks offered a unified response. Similarly, did the South African Civil Rights movement begin in 1976 with the Soweto riots or did it begin with the Sharpeville Massacre in 1960? Each of these is arguably a valid start date for these movements. If we can never be certain about when a movement starts, however, we can perhaps be confident about when a movement is clearly underway.Although the political awareness and willingness to take on the Bay Street oligarchs that Bahamian blacks evidenced during the riot would be increasingly evident in subsequent years, they were rarely exhibited before the riot. The 1937 riot in Matthew Town, Inagua and the 1935 labor disturbance at Roland T. Symonette’s Prince George Hotel are two possible exceptions. But, even with these there are more differences than similarities. Although the 1937 riot involved violent attacks on members of the white merchant class by members of the black working class, it ‚resulted from a personal vendetta,? nvolved less than a handful of blacks and ‚failed to develop into a political or labour riot.? The 1935 disturbance did involve between three and four hundred men but it resulted from their being unhappy that they could not find employment and there was no destruction of property or loss of life. With the possible exception of the semiannual Junkanoo festivals, when whites gave blacks permission to roam free on Bay Street and veiled complaints were sometimes expressed, there was no time prior to the 1942 riot when blacks ventured into the white oligarch controlled city center to openly voice their dissatisfaction with the local uling elite. Additionally, processes of identity convergence and construction were obviously at work during the riot. Identity convergence is the process by which an individual uses participation in group activity as a way of pursuing goals and behaving in ways that are consistent with his individual sense of self. Identity construction is the process through which personal identities are aligned with the collective identity of a movement to which he belongs. The riot was an opportunity for blacks to express their dissatisfaction with the merchant prince dominated socio-economic system and to demand change.F or many of the rioters, Green’s bold declaration ‚I’se a man!? explained and justified their actions. They had no choice but to stand up. The protest and riot was their opportunity to stand up. The riot also had a transformative effect on the black population in the Bahamas. It is worth repeating that before the riot, black Bahamian resistance to the white merchants’ political and economic hegemony was muted at best. The riot was a very public metamorphosing of the black laboring class in the Bahamas from docile and compliant to active and defiant.This change would be celebrated in popular song and political speeches. There are several folk songs that reference the riot including ‚Don’t Burn Down Burma Road? and ‚Going Down Burma Road.? The Project was divided between two sites, Main Field and Satellite Field, and the workers called the road between the two sites, which was used primarily to transport workers and equipment back and forth , Burma Road after the Burma Road in Southeast Asia that connected British Burma to China. The popular ‚Going Down Burma Road? with its haunting refrain ‚don’t lick nobody? s so closely connected with the riot that some participants insists that it was sang by the rioting crowd even though the evidence show they were composed much later on. As Hughes described, the riot ‚provided martyrs and a heroic moment? for Bahamian blacks. Just four year after the riot, for instance, H. H. Brown, a Methodist minister, asked his congregation to take responsibility for their government. To punctuate his point, he harkens back to the riot. That a people have the kind of government that it deserves goes without saying. A criticism of the local government is therefore a criticism of the entire population.Until people waken to their own responsibilities, they will not have a responsible government. But nothing can possibly justify the attempt of any government to keep the pe ople asleep. Who has learned the lesson of the (1942) riot? Similarly, Randol Fawkes begins a speech 13 years after the riot with these words: ‚Remember the first of June, 1942.? And, in the 1990s when Sir Lynden Pindling, often referred to as the ‚father of the nation,? was summing up the road to self-determination in the Bahamas, he began his history with the Burma Road Riot. When the great heroes of our struggle < stood on Burma Road,? he intoned, ‚they did not stand alone. When they stood in the General Strike < against the property vote < for the woman’s vote < with the trade unionists < *and+ for majority rule, they did not stand alone.? The effect of the riot on the ruling elite was also not short-lived. Although only moderate reforms were passed in response to the riot, the ruling elite did not forget that these docile polite Bahamians could be turned otherwise if provoked. As Sherouse explains, ‚the threat of mob violence surely impacted those in power.To forestall more radical change, white leaders made minor political adjustments.? It might appear that very little came out of the riot legislatively Colin Hughes, Race and Politics in the Bahamas, 212-213. Rev H. H. Brown, sermon at Governor’s Harbour, Eleuthera, January 14, 1946 quoted in Phil Cash, Shirley Gordon and Gail Saunders, eds. , Sources of Bahamian History (London: MacMillan Caribbean, 1991) 291. Rosalie Fawkes, ed. , Labour Unite or Perish! The Writings that Launched A Movement by Sir Randol Fawkes, ((Florida: Dodds Printing, 2004), 2. Patricia Beardsley Roker, ed.The Vision of Sir Lyndon Pindling: In His Own Words, (Nassau Bahamas: The Estate of Lyndon Pindling, 2002), 163. Scott Sherouse, ‚Authority and Stratification in the Bahamas: The Quest for Legitimacy? (Ph. D. diss. , Florida International University, 2004), 56. but the minor reforms that did result sent a great signal. A chink in the armor of Bay Street had appeared. They were now maki ng concessions when before such demands would have been rejected out of hand. The riot impressed upon the Bay Street Boys the understanding that they could not hold the space of Bay Street as their own domain, to be leased out one or two days a year.Although the riot certainly grew out of a wage dispute, several of the people who rioted and looted on Bay Street in the morning and Grant’s Town that afternoon and evening were not directly affiliated with the Project. Moreover, the Project laborers who were involved in the riot were lashing out at more than unfair wages. As the workers marched from Main Field to Bay Street, women, children and men not affiliated with the Project, joined in and participated fully in the events that transpired.As Oswald Moseley an agent for the Sun Life Insurance Company of Canada who witnessed the events reported, ‚there were lots of women in the crowd and they were inciting the men on and the women to my mind started the looting, which the men joined.? And, ‚I saw a woman getting into a window and walking about inside the store making a selection of his stuff.? Cartwright similarly insisted that ‚most of the looting was done by the youngsters and women. I saw a girl come with a stick and she smashed a window which had not been broken, then she ran away, then she came back and took what she wanted out of this window she had broken.? McKenzie ikewise testified that ‚young men and women made up [the] crowd? that he saw rioting on June 2 Ironically, because the riot was so heavy on the minds of the ruling elite, they banned the semiannual celebration of Junkanoo in which people from over the hill claimed Bay Street in a loud and boisterous parade. The crowd also seemed to be broadly representative of the black working class population in the Bahamas. The Bahamas is an archipelago with dozens of inhabited islands besides the chief island, New Providence, which hosts the Bahamas’ capital city, Nass au. It is noteworthy that the crowds, although drawn mainly from the ‚over-the-hill? rea, contained individuals who were originally from these ‚Out Islands.? Although a resident of Grant’s Town, Bertram Cambridge insisted that the rioters were ‚all strangers? to him and ‚that they were people from the out islands who were quite unfamiliar to [him] and must have come over to get work at the project.? It is also noteworthy that the crowd contained both skilled and unskilled workers. An effort to establish a broadly representative union just a few years before the riot had failed to launch because skilled workers would not participate. The riot was, thus, the first time that a ross-section of blacks from all over the Bahamas stood together in a common cause. And, again, that common cause was not just higher wages, though that was their immediate concern. They were more broadly concerned, however, with economic justice; they were receiving unequal pay for equal work. American workers were getting paid as much as 4 times more than Bahamian workers for doing the some jobs. As Dupuch correctly observed, the difference in wages paid to Bahamian and American employees at the Project provided scope for considerable agitation which was greatly accentuated< The average erson doesn’t usually grumble about his wages if they are reasonably fair, but no one appreciates being given a lower human valuation when he is doing the same work along side a person of a different nationality or race. When it was announced that their would be a construction development on New Providence that would employ over two thousand laborers, men from the Out Islands which were poor and agrarian flocked to the capital. Tariffs, hurricanes, droughts and blight made once profitable crops barely able to sustain the average farmer.Oscar Johnson, a produce agent turned tailor, told the Select Committee that ‚in 1928, however, a tariff was put on which prevente d us from importing our tomatoes to the United States. It was then necessary to get a new market and I then represented Canadian firms sending the tomatoes to Canada. We had a number of hurricanes intermittently about 1932 and in between them we had droughts.? Witnesses of the riot affirm the fact that many of the rioters were not from over the hill, but were from the Out Islands. Moreover, some list the overpopulation caused by Out Islanders seeking a better life in Nassau as one of the reasons for the riot.Thaddeus Johnson, a proprietor of a place where labor congregated, supports Dupuch supposition. When ‚the Americans took over the project,? he testified, < there was considerable dissatisfaction over the wages. The workmen figured it this way. They figured that this was an American job. They expected much bigger wages than the Nassau standard. No one seemed able to explain to the workmen why they could not receive the American wage. The American wage on the other side of F lorida is very high, but I think that the workmen had in their minds at least two or three dollars a day.This was an issue of fairness. Based on how they had been mistreated in the past by the white merchant class in the colony, the workers understandably assumed that the Bay Street merchants were responsible for this inequality. During the riot, Bahamian blacks were lashing out at their unfair wages and all the other injustices. There was also a matter of subsistence. Wages in general had not increased on par with the cost of living and it was difficult to survive on the wages they were being offered at the Project. This was particularly the case because this was temporary employment.It was easier to stomach making smaller wages if they were steady wages. As Bruce Johnson, an insurance agent with clients all over Nassau, reports, ‚the workmen were finding it harder and harder to get along owing to the increased cost of living.? When Leonard Storr Green realized that he would only receive 4 shillings a day determined that he would need a better paying job because ‚we can’tlive on four shillings a day now according to the prices in the stores.? Moreover, the riot (and the desire for equal and sufficient wages) seems to have been related to their desires for full citizenship.Bahamians are very expressive people and have a wealth of folk Evidence of Richard John Anderson Farrington, The Russell Commission, 271. The crowd was unaware that the wages were fixed by London and Washington and assumed that it was the colonial powers that were keeping them from getting what was due them. In Samuel Cartwright’s barbershop on Friday May 29th, Americans from the project were discussing the project generally and the price of labour. ‚They said that the company wanted to pay higher wages to the working people here but the government and the bay street merchants had been hindering this payment of higher wages.?Evidence of songs from which the wo rkers could have chosen as they marched to Bay Street. They could have kept cadence with the goatskin drum or many other traditional percussion instruments. Instead of choosing ethnic instruments or songs, however, the workers chose patriotic songs, songs of the British Empire, as their songs of protest. One observer, Oscar Johnson, a tailor on Bay Street, remembers that ‚it was a large crowd of people marching down George Street singing ‘We’ll never let the old Flag Fall’ and that intermingled with the patriotic songs some were saying, ‘we want more wages’.?These two, patriotic songs and a cry for more wages were intermingled because the laborers did not see these two sentiments as being inconsistent with one another. With their songs they appealed to their rights as Englishmen. Perhaps here we can learn from Benedict Anderson’s work on nations and ‚nation-ness?. Anderson explains that nations are ‚imagined communities? beca use they picture ties that connect the citizenry together over long distances and through time. Of the things that connect people together few are stronger than national symbols such as national anthems. No matter how banal the words and mediocre the tunes,? Anderson explains, ‚there is in this singing an experience of simultaneity. At precisely such moments, people wholly unknown to each other utter the same verses to the same melody. The image: unisonance< the echoed physical realization of the imagined community.? The same holds true for other national symbols such as the flag or the coat of arms; they also serve as realizations of imagined community. Interestingly, there were two incidents where imperial symbols were attacked.One was the burning of the picture of the royal family by Alfred Stubbs, one of the rioters. The second was the burning of the English flag. Napoleon McPhee offered a poignant explanation for his behavior. ‚I willing to fight under the flag,? he explained, ‚I willing even to die under the flag, but I ain’t gwine starve under the flag.? While appealing to their rights as subjects of the crown they were also distancing themselves from the crown; showing their alienation from the imperial structure which had not ensured the justice that they sought. They were British subjects but they were dissatisfied British subjects.Just like the smashing and looting of Bay Street was an attack against the economic status quo, the desecrating of nationally symbolic objects was a political attack. An attack that was not meant to reject British citizenship but to claim the protection and the rights of a British colonial. Again, it is meaningful that when they did not get any satisfaction from their employers, they marched to the center of government in the country, the Parliament Building and the Colonial Office. Beyond concerns for economic justice and political empowerment, the rioters were concerned with the lack of racial eq uality in the colony.Although the Russell Commission concluded that the riot had nothing to do with the question of race, the Duke of Windsor who had called for the Commission was certain that ‚their was strong racial feelings on both sides? and that ‚Bahamas wage rates was only an excuse to make a vigorous and noisy protest against the white population.? As Saunders states, ‚racial tension was an underlying cause of the riot.? On Bay Street, the rioters did not target black owned stores. Harry S. Black’s Candy Kitchen, one of the few black owned stores on Bay Street, was not looted. And, as Craton and Saunders report, the damage was not indiscriminate; such shops as those owned by the Speaker of the Assembly and the wife of one of the white Project supervisors were almost gutted, but the shoe store owned by Percy Christie, the white would-be labor organizer, was left untouched.? Additionally, the rioters were openly hostile to the whites that they encounter ed. Speaking of the crowd, John Damianos, a grocery merchant on Bay Street said, ‚My impression was that when they saw a white face they were particularly infuriated and I think it had reached a point which was largely motivated by some racial feelings.I have never seen anything like this before.? Roland Cumberhatch also overhead the mob proclaim, ‚no white man is passing here today.? It is a gross understatement to describe the set of socio-economic and political norms that existed in the Bahamas during the first half of the twentieth century as merely a collection of narrow policies. The policies were narrow to be sure and certainly favored the merchant princes. But, they amounted to a very real and complete (if relatively mild) system of apartheid. In 1942, blacks in the Bahamas were clearly second class citizens in the colony.And, most blacks depended on the whites oligarchs for the livelihoods. As Dr. Claudius Walker complained before the Russell Commission in 1942, in the Bahamas ‚t he coloured man makes all the concessions. I challenge any man in this colony to say that I am wrong in that. The coloured man is discriminated against in the churches, in the theatres, in the private schools.? If there is harmony between the black and white populations, Dr Walker went on to say, ‚it is harmony at the expense of the coloured population.? Saunders confirms Dr. Walker’s claim. ‚In fact, until the late 1950s,? he states, ‚blacks were barred from all hotels, were not allowed in some restaurants, movie houses and were only allowed to enter some churches by the rear door. Certain schools did not accept black children and many business firms were closed to them as places of employment.? Racial discrimination was the norm. Racial animosity was quite commonplace. Racial prejudice was the order of the day. An almost indelible line divided the black and white communities in New Providence. Most of the blacks were very poor and lived outside the city center in the ‚over-the-hill? ommunities like Bain Town and Grant’s Town. These communities, located to the south of Bay Street and separated from the city center by a small hill, were settled by liberated Africans and ex-slaves in the nineteenth century. As was the case since emancipation one hundred years earlier, blacks worked but never lived in the white areas from Bay Street to Montague. Segregation not so pronounced The Bay Street oligarchs also controlled the country politically and economically. Klaw has described them as ‚a dozen or so Nassau merchants, lawyers, and real -estate brokers who are < *named after+ the street here they have their shops and offices < *and are+ in firm control of the Bahamas government, running it with a free hand.? Similarly, Themistocleous has called them the merchant princes of Nassau with one hundred-plus years of ‚hegemony < over non-white groups.? The Report of the 1942 Commission of Enquiry in to the riot has likewise described them as ‚elected representatives, who are collectively known as ‘Bay Street,’ (in which street or its immediate neighbourhood all the twenty-nine members of the House of Assembly except two have their places of business).?Not surprisingly, whites were generally unaware of how dissatisfied Bahamian blacks were with this system that privileged whites and constrained blacks. Surprise was their most common reaction to the riot. For instance, Morton Turtle testified, ‚I was amazed to find that the crowd felt hostile towards me. < I have always felt in sympathy with the labourers and given them a good wages.? Similarly, Etienne Dupuch stated, ‚The riot came as a complete surprise to me.I never thought that our people could be agitated to the point of rioting because they have always enjoyed the enviable reputation of being patient docile and law-abiding.? J. P. Sands spoke for many when he said, ‚I thought that everyb ody in the island was quite happy until about 8 o’clock on June 1st.? The riot, then, occurred against a backdrop of extreme racial oppression and is correctly understood as an expression of black dissatisfaction with the prevailing social, economic and political order. The white oligarchs never quite understood the depths of black discontent with the existing system.Although able to pacify the majority black population for a time, passing labor union legislation, extending the secret ballot to the Out Islands, and the series of concessions that were made in the years after the riot did not placate the black masses once and for all. Nothing short of majority rule, the white oligarchs would find out in subsequent years, could satisfy the black population. IV. Conclusion Although the 1942 riot has been described as a key event in the political development of the Bahamas, scholars have consistently downplayed its significance.Hughes, for instance, has described the riot as †ša momentary outburst of raw energy? that ‚provided martyrs and a heroic moment? to Bahamian blacks ‚once a political movement had finally started.? Similarly, Saunders has suggested that ‚black anger < erupted spontaneously and then quickly died.? The reason that they discount the significance of the riot, we believe, is because they focus too intently of its immediate socio-economic and political consequences. Since little on the surface changed in the aftermath of the riot, they concluded that the riot did not change much in the Bahamas.In a sense, they are correct. The Bay Street oligarchs barely loosened their grip on social, political and economic life in the country after the disturbance. And, it took two and a half decades for the majority black Progressive Liberal Party to snatch political control from the Bay Street merchant princes. This preoccupation with immediate effects, however, obscures the true importance of the riot. In our view, it cannot be re duced to a ‚short lived spontaneous outburst by a group of disgruntled labourers < *that+ occurred against a background of narrow socio-economic and political policies.?First, we see it as the opening skirmish in the battle for majority rule in the Bahamas. The political awareness and willingness to take on the Bay Street oligarchs that Bahamian blacks evidenced during the riot was rarely exhibited before the riot. After the riot, evidence of their political awakening was quite obvious. Second, the anger vented by the rioters was reflective of the dissatisfaction felt by the entire black working class not just the workers on the Project.As Sir Randol Fawkes correctly surmised, ‚when that mob marched on that early June morning, they took upon their shoulders the common burdens of all Bahamians.? And, finally, their fight was not against an inadequate welfare system but against a system that oppressed the black majority in the Bahamas and privileged the Bay Street oligarc hs. The riot set in motion a political snowball that would result in a movement whose final triumph would be majority rule and the dismantling of the system of apartheid that inhibited Bahamian blacks socially, politically and economically.